新規更新されました。 January 19, 2019 at 08:21PM
【外部リンク】
クレタ島の歴史
http://bit.ly/2QWLveJ
2019年1月19日土曜日
Faith (album của George Michael)
新規更新されました。 January 19, 2019 at 08:03PM
【外部リンク】
Faith (album của George Michael)
http://bit.ly/2R3N7Uk
意味調べるスラット・シェイミング
新規更新January 19, 2019 at 04:15PM
【外部リンク】
スラット・シェイミング
153.206.193.212: en:Slut-shaming (22:59, 26 December 2018 UTC) より抄訳
'''スラット・シェイミング''' () は、[[セクシュアリティ]]に関して期待される行動や外見に背いていると考えられる人たち、特に女性と少女を非難する行為である<ref name="Sweeney"></ref><ref name="Friedman"></ref><ref name="Keller"></ref>。この用語が使われる目的は、「[[淫蕩|スラット]]」という言葉のイメージを改善し、女性と少女が彼女たち自身のセクシュアリティに対する権限を持てるようにすることである<ref name="Keller"/>。この用語は、無差別な性的行動を非難される[[ゲイ]]の男性に関連して使われることもある<ref name="Sweeney"/><ref name="Williamson"></ref>。スラット・シェイミングが異性愛の男性に対して行われることは、まれである<ref name="Sweeney"/>。
スラット・シェイミングの標的となって非難される、もしくは処罰を受ける例としては、性的に露骨な服装を着て[[服装規定]]に違反すること、[[避妊]]の権利を求めること<ref name="Lamb B14–B15">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="limbaugh"></ref>、[[婚前交渉]]、行きずりのセックス、無差別なセックス、[[売春]]<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>、[[強姦]]あるいは[[性的暴行]]の被害に遭ってを受けるとき、などが挙げられる<ref name="asking"></ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
== 定義と特徴 ==
スラット・シェイミングは、性的に許容される範囲から逸脱した女性たちへの非難であり<ref name="Ringrose2012">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>、社会のなかで許容されうるよりも性的であるような行動、服装、欲望について警告することである<ref name="FoyDale2013"> in Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="Bazelon2013">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2) Emphasis in original.</ref><ref></ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。著作家のジェサリン・ケラーは「この用語は、[[スラットウォーク]]の運動とともに普及したものであり、女性たちや少女たちに感情的なつながりを与えると同時に、『スラット』という言葉を彼女たちの力や権限の源として再生させるものとして機能した」と述べている<ref name="Keller"/>。
スラット・シェイミングは男性と女性の両方によって行われる<ref name="Psy.D.Eagleson2010">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/1qmzPDf Monica Lewinsky's return and the sexism 2.0 of political scandals]</ref>。女性たちや少女たちの間では、性的な嫉妬心を「社会的に許容されうる方法で、女性や少女の性的表現を非難する行為」へと[[昇華 (心理学)|昇華]]する手段として機能している<ref name="Ringrose2012"/>。この用語は、強姦や性的暴行における被害者非難を指す意味でも使われる。これは、その犯罪の原因の一部もしくは全てが、露出度の高い服装を着ていたり性的に露骨な言動をとったりしている被害者の女性の側にある、と言明するもので<ref name="asking" />、それによって加害者を免罪するものである。性的に寛大な個人は、社会的に孤立する危険がある<ref name="spr.sagepub.com">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
スラット・シェイミングは、社会的な刑罰の一手段であり、[[性差別]]の一側面である、と考えられている。これに関する社会運動は、[[フェミニズム]]の部類に属している。社会運動において[[性役割]]が重要な役割を担っているため、これは論争を呼んでいる。スラット・シェイミングは大抵の場合において、女性や少女が標的の対象となり、男性や少年は標的の対象とならないことから、この話題は、[[二重規範]]と関連する社会問題に光を当てている。[[高文脈文化]]を有するアメリカ合衆国では、スラット・シェイミングが頻繁に起こる<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。高文脈文化を有する社会では、被害者非難を受けやすい。スラット・シェイミングは被害者非難と深い関連をもつ<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
== 脚注 ==
== 関連項目 ==
* [[名誉の殺人]]
* [[性的いじめ]]
[[Category:フェミニスト用語]]
[[Category:フェミニスト理論]]
[[Category:性と社会]]
[[en:Slut-shaming]]
スラット・シェイミングの標的となって非難される、もしくは処罰を受ける例としては、性的に露骨な服装を着て[[服装規定]]に違反すること、[[避妊]]の権利を求めること<ref name="Lamb B14–B15">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="limbaugh"></ref>、[[婚前交渉]]、行きずりのセックス、無差別なセックス、[[売春]]<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>、[[強姦]]あるいは[[性的暴行]]の被害に遭ってを受けるとき、などが挙げられる<ref name="asking"></ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
== 定義と特徴 ==
スラット・シェイミングは、性的に許容される範囲から逸脱した女性たちへの非難であり<ref name="Ringrose2012">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>、社会のなかで許容されうるよりも性的であるような行動、服装、欲望について警告することである<ref name="FoyDale2013"> in Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref name="Bazelon2013">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2) Emphasis in original.</ref><ref></ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。著作家のジェサリン・ケラーは「この用語は、[[スラットウォーク]]の運動とともに普及したものであり、女性たちや少女たちに感情的なつながりを与えると同時に、『スラット』という言葉を彼女たちの力や権限の源として再生させるものとして機能した」と述べている<ref name="Keller"/>。
スラット・シェイミングは男性と女性の両方によって行われる<ref name="Psy.D.Eagleson2010">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/1qmzPDf Monica Lewinsky's return and the sexism 2.0 of political scandals]</ref>。女性たちや少女たちの間では、性的な嫉妬心を「社会的に許容されうる方法で、女性や少女の性的表現を非難する行為」へと[[昇華 (心理学)|昇華]]する手段として機能している<ref name="Ringrose2012"/>。この用語は、強姦や性的暴行における被害者非難を指す意味でも使われる。これは、その犯罪の原因の一部もしくは全てが、露出度の高い服装を着ていたり性的に露骨な言動をとったりしている被害者の女性の側にある、と言明するもので<ref name="asking" />、それによって加害者を免罪するものである。性的に寛大な個人は、社会的に孤立する危険がある<ref name="spr.sagepub.com">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
スラット・シェイミングは、社会的な刑罰の一手段であり、[[性差別]]の一側面である、と考えられている。これに関する社会運動は、[[フェミニズム]]の部類に属している。社会運動において[[性役割]]が重要な役割を担っているため、これは論争を呼んでいる。スラット・シェイミングは大抵の場合において、女性や少女が標的の対象となり、男性や少年は標的の対象とならないことから、この話題は、[[二重規範]]と関連する社会問題に光を当てている。[[高文脈文化]]を有するアメリカ合衆国では、スラット・シェイミングが頻繁に起こる<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。高文脈文化を有する社会では、被害者非難を受けやすい。スラット・シェイミングは被害者非難と深い関連をもつ<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
== 脚注 ==
== 関連項目 ==
* [[名誉の殺人]]
* [[性的いじめ]]
[[Category:フェミニスト用語]]
[[Category:フェミニスト理論]]
[[Category:性と社会]]
[[en:Slut-shaming]]
http://bit.ly/2W2BRep
意味調べるÉtat souverain d'Haïti (1820-1843)
新規更新January 19, 2019 at 12:14PM
【外部リンク】
État souverain d'Haïti (1820-1843)
Salebot : bot : blanchiment (modification suspecte : -20)
TOUT BAGAY SA YO FEM SONJE HAITI LONTAN AN, KONYEA SE CHEN MANJE CHEN HAITI, DAN SANTI SA YO VISYE YO YE HAITI, PA GEN HAITI ANKO,, SE RAITI
http://bit.ly/2QYE0nv
意味調べるChenery
新規更新January 19, 2019 at 12:12PM
【外部リンク】
Chenery
Zigzig20s: created page for surname
'''Chenery''' is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*[[Ben Chenery]] (born 1977), British footballer
*[[Charles Chenery]] (1850–1928), British footballer
*[[Christopher Chenery]] (1886–1973), American engineer, businessman and racehorse breeder
*[[Craig W. Chenery]], British-born author and screenwriter
*[[Diane Chenery-Wickens]] (1960–2008), British film and television make-up artist
*[[Hollis B. Chenery]] (1918–1994), American economist
*[[Penny Chenery]] (1922–2017), American sportswoman
*[[Thomas Chenery]] (1826–1884), British scholar and newspaper editor
*[[Ben Chenery]] (born 1977), British footballer
*[[Charles Chenery]] (1850–1928), British footballer
*[[Christopher Chenery]] (1886–1973), American engineer, businessman and racehorse breeder
*[[Craig W. Chenery]], British-born author and screenwriter
*[[Diane Chenery-Wickens]] (1960–2008), British film and television make-up artist
*[[Hollis B. Chenery]] (1918–1994), American economist
*[[Penny Chenery]] (1922–2017), American sportswoman
*[[Thomas Chenery]] (1826–1884), British scholar and newspaper editor
http://bit.ly/2Mlk8KC
تاريخ ألمانيا الاقتصادي
新規更新されました。 January 19, 2019 at 08:02AM
【外部リンク】
تاريخ ألمانيا الاقتصادي
http://bit.ly/2W000Cm
Fred R. Zimmerman
新規更新されました。 January 19, 2019 at 07:53AM
【外部リンク】
Fred R. Zimmerman
http://bit.ly/2R2Fn4Y
意味調べる氣候突變
新規更新January 19, 2019 at 06:00AM
【外部リンク】
氣候突變
淺藍雪：/* 首段 */
'''氣候突變'''指的是[[氣候]]在短期內發生劇烈變化的現象。[[石炭紀雨林崩潰事件]]<ref name="SahneyBentonFalconLang 2010RainforestCollapse"></ref>、[[新仙女木事件]]<ref name="Broecker">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>、[[丹斯伽阿德-厄施格尔周期]]、[[哈因里奇事件]]等都是氣候突變造成的<ref></ref>。新仙女木事件時，地球氣溫在不到十年間就發生了<ref></ref>。在[[全球變暖]]的現代，氣候突變也是人類安全的重大威脅之一。<ref></ref>
==参考文献==
==外部連接 ==
*[http://bit.ly/2RUEFLj 全新世的气候突变]，中国气象报社
*[http://bit.ly/2HjCxZB Abrupt Climate Change Information from the Ocean & Climate Change Institute], [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]]
*[http://bit.ly/2RZASMM U.S. Global Change Research Program, Abrupt Climate Change]
[[Category:氣候變化]]
==参考文献==
==外部連接 ==
*[http://bit.ly/2RUEFLj 全新世的气候突变]，中国气象报社
*[http://bit.ly/2HjCxZB Abrupt Climate Change Information from the Ocean & Climate Change Institute], [[Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution]]
*[http://bit.ly/2RZASMM U.S. Global Change Research Program, Abrupt Climate Change]
[[Category:氣候變化]]
http://bit.ly/2HhUOX1
意味調べるPrince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
新規更新January 19, 2019 at 04:06AM
【外部リンク】
Prince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
Ekem: New
'''''Konstantin'' Viktor Ernst Emil Karl Alexander Friedrich Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst''' (born September 8, 1828, Schloss [[Schillingsfürst]] near [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber]], [[Bavaria]]; died February 14, 1896, [[Vienna]])<ref name=AustriaForum/> was a [[Imperial and Royal|k.u.k.]] First [[Obersthofmeister]] (chief of staff of the royal court) and [[General of the cavalry (Austria)|General of the Cavalry]] of [[Austria-Hungary]].
[[File:Konstantin_Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst_Kriehuber.jpg|thumb|Konstantin Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Lithographie by [[Josef Kriehuber]], 1869]]
== Biography ==
=== Family ===
Prince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was the youngest son of [[Fürst]] [[Franz Joseph, 5th Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] and his wife, Caroline Friederike Constanze of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He had three older brothers: [[Victor I, Duke of Ratibor|Victor Herzog von Ratibor]], President of the [[Preußisches Herrenhaus]], [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]], German [[Reichskanzler]], and [[Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst]]. He had three sisters. Two additional brothers died at a young age.
In 1859 Konstantin got married to Princess Marie zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (1837–1920) at [[Weimar]]. She was the daughter of Fürstin [[Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein]] (1819–1887) who after her divorce lived with [[Franz Liszt]] since 1848 at Weimar. In 1861 he bought [[Palais Hohenlohe|Palais Dobner-Dobenau]] in Vienna, and the couple moved in the following year. His wife became a sponsor of Vienna's cultural life and a supporter of its social institutions. The couple had six children:
* Prince Franz Joseph zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1861–1871)
* [[Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1863–1918), Prime Minister of Austria-Hungary
* Prince Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1864–1942), Pater Konstantin OSB
* Prince Gottfried zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1867–1932), married Erzherzogin Maria Henriette von Österreich-Teschen (1883–1956)
* Prince Wolfgang zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1869–1883)
* Princess Dorothea zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1872–1954)
=== Career ===
Hohenlohe went to school at the Maria-Magdalenen-Gymnasium, [[Breslau]] graduating with the [[Abitur]] in 1848. The same year he joined the military of the [[Austrian Empire]] and served in a campaign in Northern Italy in 1849. In 1854 he entered service at the [[Royal Court (Austria)|Royal Court]] in Vienna. He advanced becoming [[Aide-de-camp]] of Emperor [[Franz Joseph I.]] in 1859 and First "Obersthofmeister" with the appointment to "Fürst" in 1866.<ref>See ''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich'', Wien 1868, S. 9.</ref>. He was seen as the perfect courtier, always in agreement with the political views of the Emperor. In his position, Hohenlohe was at the center of the political and cultural life at the Royal Court. After the [[Ausgleich]] of 1857, the term [[k.u.k.]] was added to his title signifying that his duties were to both parts of [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref name=AustriaForum>[http://bit.ly/2T0uXEt Austria Forum: Entry for Konstatin zu HS]</ref>
In 1857, Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] issued the decree "I have resolved to command" (''[[s:de:Die Erweiterung der Stadt Wien|Es ist Mein Wille]]'' at Wikisource) ordering the demolition of the city walls and moats. In his decree, he laid out the exact size of the [[Ringstrasse]], the new representative boulevard, as well as the geographical positions and functions of the new buildings. Hohenlohe was responsible for buildings and properties of the Royal Court along the Ringstrasse as well as the completion of the [[Wiener Staatsoper|Hofoperntheater]], and the new construction of the [[Burgtheater|Hofburgtheater]] und of two new museums, the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] and the [[Naturhistorisches Museum]]. The construction of the [[Neue Burg]] at the Hofburg was not completed until the First World War. Hohenlohe participated in the development of the [[Wiener Prater]] where the [[1873 Vienna World's Fair|World Exhibition]] took place in 1873. The Konstantinhügel in the Prater is named after him. Hohenlohe also oversaw work for the [[Vienna Danube regulation]].<ref name=ANNO>[http://bit.ly/2ATgB1Q Obituary, Wiener Salon, February 15, 1896]</ref>
As the highest official of the court, Hohenlohe had many official and representative duties. He worked until his death and was succeeded by [[Rudolf von Liechtenstein]].
== Honors and dedications ==
* Honorary member of the [[Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde]], 1870
* Honoray Kurator of the [[Academy of Fine Arts Vienna]], 1873
* Honorary Kurator of the [[Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna]], 1873
* Member of the [[Herrenhaus (Austria)|Herrenhaus]] of Austria
* Recipient of the [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
* Recipient of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]]
* Recipient of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]], and many more.
[[Johann Strauss Jr.]] dedicated his waltz [[Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald]] to Hohenlohe in 1868 and [[Anton Bruckner]] dedicated his [[Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major]] to him in 1873.
== Literatur ==
*
* Martina Winkelhofer-Thyri: ''Prinz Constantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1828–1896). Der große Unbekannte am Wiener Hof.'' In: Alma Hannig, Martina Winkelhofer-Thyri (Hrsg.): ''Die Familie Hohenlohe. Eine europäische Dynastie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert''. Verlag Böhlau, Köln 2013, ISBN 978-3-41222201-7, S. 181–198.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1828 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bavaria]]
[[Category:House of Hohenlohe]]
[[Category:German princes]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
[[File:Konstantin_Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst_Kriehuber.jpg|thumb|Konstantin Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Lithographie by [[Josef Kriehuber]], 1869]]
== Biography ==
=== Family ===
Prince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was the youngest son of [[Fürst]] [[Franz Joseph, 5th Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] and his wife, Caroline Friederike Constanze of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He had three older brothers: [[Victor I, Duke of Ratibor|Victor Herzog von Ratibor]], President of the [[Preußisches Herrenhaus]], [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]], German [[Reichskanzler]], and [[Gustav Adolf, Cardinal Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst]]. He had three sisters. Two additional brothers died at a young age.
In 1859 Konstantin got married to Princess Marie zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (1837–1920) at [[Weimar]]. She was the daughter of Fürstin [[Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein]] (1819–1887) who after her divorce lived with [[Franz Liszt]] since 1848 at Weimar. In 1861 he bought [[Palais Hohenlohe|Palais Dobner-Dobenau]] in Vienna, and the couple moved in the following year. His wife became a sponsor of Vienna's cultural life and a supporter of its social institutions. The couple had six children:
* Prince Franz Joseph zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1861–1871)
* [[Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1863–1918), Prime Minister of Austria-Hungary
* Prince Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1864–1942), Pater Konstantin OSB
* Prince Gottfried zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1867–1932), married Erzherzogin Maria Henriette von Österreich-Teschen (1883–1956)
* Prince Wolfgang zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1869–1883)
* Princess Dorothea zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1872–1954)
=== Career ===
Hohenlohe went to school at the Maria-Magdalenen-Gymnasium, [[Breslau]] graduating with the [[Abitur]] in 1848. The same year he joined the military of the [[Austrian Empire]] and served in a campaign in Northern Italy in 1849. In 1854 he entered service at the [[Royal Court (Austria)|Royal Court]] in Vienna. He advanced becoming [[Aide-de-camp]] of Emperor [[Franz Joseph I.]] in 1859 and First "Obersthofmeister" with the appointment to "Fürst" in 1866.<ref>See ''Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich'', Wien 1868, S. 9.</ref>. He was seen as the perfect courtier, always in agreement with the political views of the Emperor. In his position, Hohenlohe was at the center of the political and cultural life at the Royal Court. After the [[Ausgleich]] of 1857, the term [[k.u.k.]] was added to his title signifying that his duties were to both parts of [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref name=AustriaForum>[http://bit.ly/2T0uXEt Austria Forum: Entry for Konstatin zu HS]</ref>
In 1857, Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] issued the decree "I have resolved to command" (''[[s:de:Die Erweiterung der Stadt Wien|Es ist Mein Wille]]'' at Wikisource) ordering the demolition of the city walls and moats. In his decree, he laid out the exact size of the [[Ringstrasse]], the new representative boulevard, as well as the geographical positions and functions of the new buildings. Hohenlohe was responsible for buildings and properties of the Royal Court along the Ringstrasse as well as the completion of the [[Wiener Staatsoper|Hofoperntheater]], and the new construction of the [[Burgtheater|Hofburgtheater]] und of two new museums, the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] and the [[Naturhistorisches Museum]]. The construction of the [[Neue Burg]] at the Hofburg was not completed until the First World War. Hohenlohe participated in the development of the [[Wiener Prater]] where the [[1873 Vienna World's Fair|World Exhibition]] took place in 1873. The Konstantinhügel in the Prater is named after him. Hohenlohe also oversaw work for the [[Vienna Danube regulation]].<ref name=ANNO>[http://bit.ly/2ATgB1Q Obituary, Wiener Salon, February 15, 1896]</ref>
As the highest official of the court, Hohenlohe had many official and representative duties. He worked until his death and was succeeded by [[Rudolf von Liechtenstein]].
== Honors and dedications ==
* Honorary member of the [[Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde]], 1870
* Honoray Kurator of the [[Academy of Fine Arts Vienna]], 1873
* Honorary Kurator of the [[Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna]], 1873
* Member of the [[Herrenhaus (Austria)|Herrenhaus]] of Austria
* Recipient of the [[Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary]]
* Recipient of the [[Order of the Golden Fleece]]
* Recipient of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]], and many more.
[[Johann Strauss Jr.]] dedicated his waltz [[Geschichten aus dem Wienerwald]] to Hohenlohe in 1868 and [[Anton Bruckner]] dedicated his [[Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major]] to him in 1873.
== Literatur ==
*
* Martina Winkelhofer-Thyri: ''Prinz Constantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1828–1896). Der große Unbekannte am Wiener Hof.'' In: Alma Hannig, Martina Winkelhofer-Thyri (Hrsg.): ''Die Familie Hohenlohe. Eine europäische Dynastie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert''. Verlag Böhlau, Köln 2013, ISBN 978-3-41222201-7, S. 181–198.
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:1828 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bavaria]]
[[Category:House of Hohenlohe]]
[[Category:German princes]]
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece]]
http://bit.ly/2T21gmx
Jeffrey Reddick
新規更新されました。 January 19, 2019 at 04:06AM
【外部リンク】
Jeffrey Reddick
http://bit.ly/2U1SB3K
William Henry Upham
新規更新されました。 January 19, 2019 at 02:00AM
【外部リンク】
William Henry Upham
http://bit.ly/2CxzhEc
2019年1月18日金曜日
意味調べるMétéorite de Juvinas
新規更新January 18, 2019 at 09:35PM
【外部リンク】
Météorite de Juvinas
Ariel Provost : (infobox à suivre)
La '''météorite de Juvinas''', ou simplement Juvinas, est une [[météorite]] [[Liste de chutes météoriques observées|tombée]] en 1821 près du village de [[Juvinas]], en [[Ardèche (département)|Ardèche]] (France).
C'est une [[achondrite]], et plus précisément une [[eucrite]] (météorite [[différenciation planétaire|différenciée]] analogue à un [[basalte]] terrestre). Comme les autres [[météorite HED|météorites HED]]<ref group=alpha>Comme leur [[sigle]] l'indique, les météorites HED rassemblent les [[Howardite|<u>h</u>owardites]], les [[Eucrite|<u>e</u>ucrites]] et les [[Diogénite|<u>d</u>iogénites]].</ref>, elle provient probablement de l'[[astéroïde]] [[(4) Vesta|Vesta]].
== Histoire ==
La météorite de Juvinas est tombée le dans le hameau ''le Libonès'', au lieu-dit ''le Cros du Libonès''. La moitié environ de la masse originale est conservée au [[Muséum national d'histoire naturelle]] de Paris. Un fragment de cet « aérolithe de Juvinas » a été offert en 1844 au [[Musée Calvet]] d'[[Avignon]] par le géologue [[Jules de Malbos]]<ref>.</ref>. Le reste a été conservé par les familles du voisinage, mais a été pour l'essentiel perdu au fil des générations.
== Notes et références ==
=== Notes ===
=== Références ===
== Liens externes ==
*
[[Catégorie:Achondrite]]
[[Catégorie:Météorite trouvée en France]]
http://bit.ly/2RA7cqf
Амур (Республика Алтай)
新規更新されました。 January 18, 2019 at 07:45PM
【外部リンク】
Амур (Республика Алтай)
http://bit.ly/2MiuRWf
Thời gian biểu Lịch sử Brazil
新規更新されました。 January 18, 2019 at 05:25PM
【外部リンク】
Thời gian biểu Lịch sử Brazil
http://bit.ly/2AToB2I
Шэньчжэнь Жэньжэнь
新規更新されました。 January 18, 2019 at 01:21PM
【外部リンク】
Шэньчжэнь Жэньжэнь
http://bit.ly/2FGxksh
Turn It Around: The Story of East Bay Punk
新規更新されました。 January 18, 2019 at 09:24AM
【外部リンク】
Turn It Around: The Story of East Bay Punk
http://bit.ly/2CvVYIU
意味調べるTalal Derki
新規更新January 18, 2019 at 08:35AM
【外部リンク】
Talal Derki
Tuga1143:
'''Talal Derki''' (‎; [[Damasco]], Síria, 24 de julho de 1977) é um director de cinema, [[Produtor cinematográfico|produtor]], e [[roteirista]] [[Síria|sírio]] de [[Curdos|ascendência curda.]]
== Biografia ==
Talal Derki estudou direcção de cinema, em [[Atenas]], no Instituto Superior de Arte e Televisão Cinematográficos de Stavrako, graduando-se em [[2003|2003.]] Trabalhou como assistente de direcção para produções cinematográficas e foi director de diferentes programas de TV e filmes de televisão árabes, entre 2009 e 2012. Tem trabalhado como camarógrafo independente para a [[CNN]] e a [[Thomson Reuters]].
Talal Derki vive agora no exílio em [[Berlim]], [[Alemanha]].
== Filmografia ==
* 2003 - Hello Damascus, Goodbye Damascus (Olá Damasco, Adeus Damasco), ficção curta, [[16 mm]] (12 min)
* 2005 - A whole line of trees (Toda uma linha de árvores), ficção curta, [[35 mm]] (8 min)
* 2010 - Hero of All Seas (Herói de todos os Mares), documentário curto (28 min)
* 2013 - Retorno a Homs, [[longa-metragem]] - [[documentário]] (90 min)
== Honras ==
As curtas-metragens e documentários de Talal Derki receberam prémios numa variedade de festivais. A sua longa-metragem de documentário Retorno a Homs tem ganho o Grande Prémio do Júri do World Cinema de [[Festival Sundance de Cinema|Sundance Film Festival.]]
=== Membresías ===
* 2014: do júri internacional no [https://www.idfa.nl/en/ Festival de Cinema Internacional de Documentários de Amesterdão IDFA].
=== Galardões & nomeações por `Retorno a Homs´ ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Año
! Premio
! Categoría
! Beneficiario
! Resultado
|-
| 2013
| [[:en:International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam|Festival Internacional de Cine Documental (Amsterdam, Países Bajos)]]
| Premio al mejor documental de largometraje
| Talal Derki
| Nomeado
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2W2obzV Festival Dokumentarnega Filma] ([[Liubliana]], [[Eslovenia]])
| Amnesty International Award for Best Film on Human Rights
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [[:en:2014 Sundance Film Festival|Festival de cine de Sundance 2014]]
| Premio Gran Jurado del World Cinema: Documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QVDhDQ>
|-
| 2014
| [https://www.sffilm.org Festival Internacional de Cine de San Francisco (San Francisco, EE. UU.)]
| Premio Golden Gate - Mejor artículo documental
| Talal Derki
| Nomeado
|-
| 2014
| [https://www.sffilm.org Festival Internacional de Cine de San Francisco (San Francisco, EE. UU.)]
| Premio Golden Gate - Reconocimiento especial del jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref></ref>
|-
| 2014
| [http://middleastnow.it Medio Oriente ahora (Florencia, Italia)]
| Premio de la audiencia
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QTeiAR>
|-
| 2014
| [[:en:Full Frame Documentary Film Festival|Festival de Cine Documental Full Frame (Durham, Carolina del Norte)]]
| Premio Charles E. Guggenheim para artistas emergentes
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2W0jG9h>
|-
| 2014
| [http://zagrebdox.net ZagrebDox]
| Dos menciones especiales
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QW6Epj>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2nW7owL Festival de Cine Internacional de Derechos del Hombre (Ginebra, [[Suiza]])]
| Gran premio de jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QWS0OH>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2W0RaEs Festival de Cine Internacional de Derechos del Hombre (Paris, Francia)]
| Premio del Jurado del Gran Premio, Premio del Jurado Estudiantil
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QVVIrK>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1hl5gYt Festival de Cine Documental Doxa (Vancouver, Canada)]
| Mención de Honor del Jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QT3zql>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1IYB6aZ DocsBarcelona (Barcelona, España)]
| Galardon Mejor pelicula DocsBarcelone
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1T5RCui Festival de Cine del Observatorio de Derechos Humanos NY (Nueva York, EE. UU.)]
| Cuerno de Plata para Director de Mejor Largometraje Documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2W0NHWz Festival de Cine Documenta Madrid (Madrid, España)]
| Premio de la audiencia
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2QVlInl Festival MakeDox]
| Premio Winner Young Onion
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2VYSRSS Festival de Cine Internacional deDocumentales EBS (Seúl, Corea del Sur)]
| Gran Premio, Galardon del Jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2QWYHjZ Del festival de libertades (Bruselas, Bélgica)]
| Gran Premio por Mejor Documental, Premio Galardon SmatBe
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1OTX54N Premios Cinema Eye Honors]
| Nominado para Logro Sobresaliente en Producción y Logro Sobresaliente en un Largometraje de Debut
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2QVVNM4 Festival de Cine Abu Dhabi (UAE)]
| Mención especial Competición documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2VZWFU0>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1lgcMrb Festival de Cine de Cracovia]
| Premio del Jurado de Estudiantes de Cracovia - Concurso de Documentales
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref name="KRA"></ref>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1lgcMrb Festival de Cine de Cracovia]
| Mención especial Competición documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref name="KRA" />
|-
| 2015
| [[Premio George Polk|Premio George Polk (EE. UU.)]]
| Mejor Documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2015
| [https://www.riff.it/en/ Festival de Cine Independendiente de Roma ([[Italia]])]
| Mención especial Competición documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|}
</center>
== Referências ==
<references group=""></references>
== Ligações externas ==
* [https://imdb.to/2QW6HBv ''Talal Derki'', em Internet Movie Database]
* [http://bit.ly/2W2fMMV Facebook de "Retorno a Homs.]
[[Categoria:Cineastas da Síria]]
[[Categoria:Atores da Síria]]
[[Categoria:Páginas com traduções não revistas]]
== Biografia ==
Talal Derki estudou direcção de cinema, em [[Atenas]], no Instituto Superior de Arte e Televisão Cinematográficos de Stavrako, graduando-se em [[2003|2003.]] Trabalhou como assistente de direcção para produções cinematográficas e foi director de diferentes programas de TV e filmes de televisão árabes, entre 2009 e 2012. Tem trabalhado como camarógrafo independente para a [[CNN]] e a [[Thomson Reuters]].
Talal Derki vive agora no exílio em [[Berlim]], [[Alemanha]].
== Filmografia ==
* 2003 - Hello Damascus, Goodbye Damascus (Olá Damasco, Adeus Damasco), ficção curta, [[16 mm]] (12 min)
* 2005 - A whole line of trees (Toda uma linha de árvores), ficção curta, [[35 mm]] (8 min)
* 2010 - Hero of All Seas (Herói de todos os Mares), documentário curto (28 min)
* 2013 - Retorno a Homs, [[longa-metragem]] - [[documentário]] (90 min)
== Honras ==
As curtas-metragens e documentários de Talal Derki receberam prémios numa variedade de festivais. A sua longa-metragem de documentário Retorno a Homs tem ganho o Grande Prémio do Júri do World Cinema de [[Festival Sundance de Cinema|Sundance Film Festival.]]
=== Membresías ===
* 2014: do júri internacional no [https://www.idfa.nl/en/ Festival de Cinema Internacional de Documentários de Amesterdão IDFA].
=== Galardões & nomeações por `Retorno a Homs´ ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Año
! Premio
! Categoría
! Beneficiario
! Resultado
|-
| 2013
| [[:en:International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam|Festival Internacional de Cine Documental (Amsterdam, Países Bajos)]]
| Premio al mejor documental de largometraje
| Talal Derki
| Nomeado
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2W2obzV Festival Dokumentarnega Filma] ([[Liubliana]], [[Eslovenia]])
| Amnesty International Award for Best Film on Human Rights
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [[:en:2014 Sundance Film Festival|Festival de cine de Sundance 2014]]
| Premio Gran Jurado del World Cinema: Documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QVDhDQ>
|-
| 2014
| [https://www.sffilm.org Festival Internacional de Cine de San Francisco (San Francisco, EE. UU.)]
| Premio Golden Gate - Mejor artículo documental
| Talal Derki
| Nomeado
|-
| 2014
| [https://www.sffilm.org Festival Internacional de Cine de San Francisco (San Francisco, EE. UU.)]
| Premio Golden Gate - Reconocimiento especial del jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref></ref>
|-
| 2014
| [http://middleastnow.it Medio Oriente ahora (Florencia, Italia)]
| Premio de la audiencia
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QTeiAR>
|-
| 2014
| [[:en:Full Frame Documentary Film Festival|Festival de Cine Documental Full Frame (Durham, Carolina del Norte)]]
| Premio Charles E. Guggenheim para artistas emergentes
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2W0jG9h>
|-
| 2014
| [http://zagrebdox.net ZagrebDox]
| Dos menciones especiales
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QW6Epj>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2nW7owL Festival de Cine Internacional de Derechos del Hombre (Ginebra, [[Suiza]])]
| Gran premio de jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QWS0OH>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2W0RaEs Festival de Cine Internacional de Derechos del Hombre (Paris, Francia)]
| Premio del Jurado del Gran Premio, Premio del Jurado Estudiantil
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QVVIrK>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1hl5gYt Festival de Cine Documental Doxa (Vancouver, Canada)]
| Mención de Honor del Jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2QT3zql>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1IYB6aZ DocsBarcelona (Barcelona, España)]
| Galardon Mejor pelicula DocsBarcelone
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1T5RCui Festival de Cine del Observatorio de Derechos Humanos NY (Nueva York, EE. UU.)]
| Cuerno de Plata para Director de Mejor Largometraje Documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2W0NHWz Festival de Cine Documenta Madrid (Madrid, España)]
| Premio de la audiencia
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2QVlInl Festival MakeDox]
| Premio Winner Young Onion
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2VYSRSS Festival de Cine Internacional deDocumentales EBS (Seúl, Corea del Sur)]
| Gran Premio, Galardon del Jurado
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2QWYHjZ Del festival de libertades (Bruselas, Bélgica)]
| Gran Premio por Mejor Documental, Premio Galardon SmatBe
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1OTX54N Premios Cinema Eye Honors]
| Nominado para Logro Sobresaliente en Producción y Logro Sobresaliente en un Largometraje de Debut
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/2QVVNM4 Festival de Cine Abu Dhabi (UAE)]
| Mención especial Competición documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref>http://bit.ly/2VZWFU0>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1lgcMrb Festival de Cine de Cracovia]
| Premio del Jurado de Estudiantes de Cracovia - Concurso de Documentales
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref name="KRA"></ref>
|-
| 2014
| [http://bit.ly/1lgcMrb Festival de Cine de Cracovia]
| Mención especial Competición documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor<ref name="KRA" />
|-
| 2015
| [[Premio George Polk|Premio George Polk (EE. UU.)]]
| Mejor Documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|-
| 2015
| [https://www.riff.it/en/ Festival de Cine Independendiente de Roma ([[Italia]])]
| Mención especial Competición documental
| Talal Derki
| Vencedor
|}
</center>
== Referências ==
<references group=""></references>
== Ligações externas ==
* [https://imdb.to/2QW6HBv ''Talal Derki'', em Internet Movie Database]
* [http://bit.ly/2W2fMMV Facebook de "Retorno a Homs.]
[[Categoria:Cineastas da Síria]]
[[Categoria:Atores da Síria]]
[[Categoria:Páginas com traduções não revistas]]
http://bit.ly/2QVVIYM
意味調べるG. C. M. Douglas
新規更新January 18, 2019 at 06:17AM
【外部リンク】
G. C. M. Douglas
Stephencdickson: /* References */
Rev Prof '''George Cunningham Monteath Douglas''' DD (1826–1904) was a 19th century Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who was Professor of Hebrew and the Old Testament at [[Glasgow]] Free Church College. He served as [[Moderator of the General Assembly]] to the Free Church 1894/95.
==Life==
He was born on 2 March 1826 in the manse at [[Kilbarchan]] in south-west Scotland in 1826 the son of Rev Robert Douglas, the parish minister serving the [[Church of Scotland]], and his wife Janet Monteath, daughter of Rev John Monteath of Houston, Renfrewshire .<ref>Ewings Annals of the Free Church</ref>
He took a general degree at [[Glasgow University]] then studied Divinity at [[New College, Edinburgh]]. He was ordained by the Free Church of Scotland at [[Bridge of Weir]] in 1852. In 1857 he was elected Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament at the newly-built Free Church College in [[Glasgow]]. Originally living in college rooms by 1860 he was living at 25 Westminster Terrace, a fine three storey and basement terraced house, with his family.<ref>Glasgow Post Office Directory 1860</ref>
He succeeded Dr [[Patrick Fairbairn]] as Principal of the College in 1875.
In 1894 he succeeded Rev [[Walter Chalmers Smith]] as [[Moderator of the General Assembly]], the highest position in the Free Church of Scotland.
He retired in May 1902 and died at Woodcliffe in [[Bridge of Allan]]<ref>Glasgow Post Office Directory 1900</ref> on 24 May 1904 and is buried in the [[Glasgow Necropolis]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2FzefJA>
==Family==
He was brother to the missionary [[Carstairs Douglas]] (1830-1877).
In 1855 he married Grace Alice Moncrieff, daughter of Hugh Moncrieff of Glasgow.
==Publications==
*''Handbooks for Bible Study''
*''Why I Still Think that [[Moses]] Wrote [[Deuteronomy]]''
==References==
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1904 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Renfrewshire]]
[[Category:Scottish clergy]]
[[Category:Burials at the Glasgow Necropolis]]
==Life==
He was born on 2 March 1826 in the manse at [[Kilbarchan]] in south-west Scotland in 1826 the son of Rev Robert Douglas, the parish minister serving the [[Church of Scotland]], and his wife Janet Monteath, daughter of Rev John Monteath of Houston, Renfrewshire .<ref>Ewings Annals of the Free Church</ref>
He took a general degree at [[Glasgow University]] then studied Divinity at [[New College, Edinburgh]]. He was ordained by the Free Church of Scotland at [[Bridge of Weir]] in 1852. In 1857 he was elected Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament at the newly-built Free Church College in [[Glasgow]]. Originally living in college rooms by 1860 he was living at 25 Westminster Terrace, a fine three storey and basement terraced house, with his family.<ref>Glasgow Post Office Directory 1860</ref>
He succeeded Dr [[Patrick Fairbairn]] as Principal of the College in 1875.
In 1894 he succeeded Rev [[Walter Chalmers Smith]] as [[Moderator of the General Assembly]], the highest position in the Free Church of Scotland.
He retired in May 1902 and died at Woodcliffe in [[Bridge of Allan]]<ref>Glasgow Post Office Directory 1900</ref> on 24 May 1904 and is buried in the [[Glasgow Necropolis]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2FzefJA>
==Family==
He was brother to the missionary [[Carstairs Douglas]] (1830-1877).
In 1855 he married Grace Alice Moncrieff, daughter of Hugh Moncrieff of Glasgow.
==Publications==
*''Handbooks for Bible Study''
*''Why I Still Think that [[Moses]] Wrote [[Deuteronomy]]''
==References==
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1904 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Renfrewshire]]
[[Category:Scottish clergy]]
[[Category:Burials at the Glasgow Necropolis]]
http://bit.ly/2CvdqgP
Eclisse di luna di gennaio 2019
新規更新されました。 January 18, 2019 at 03:00AM
【外部リンク】
Eclisse di luna di gennaio 2019
http://bit.ly/2FzxmmJ
意味調べるHimmelberg Hills
新規更新January 18, 2019 at 01:10AM
【外部リンク】
Himmelberg Hills
Franco3450: Nuova voce
Le '''Himmelberg Hills''' (in lingua inglese: ''Colline Himmelberg'') sono un gruppo di colline disposte in linea con prominenti affioramenti rocciosi e una lunghezza di 21 km, situato nella parte sudoccidentale della [[Saratoga Table]], nei [[Monti Pensacola]], in [[Antartide]]. Il gruppo collinare comprende anche l'[[Haskill Nunatak]], alto 1.710 m, posto nella parte centrale, oltre a [[Ray Nunatak]] e [[Beiszer Nunatak]] all'estremità meridionale.
La denominazione è stata assegnata dall'[[Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names]] (US-ACAN) in onore di Glen R. Himmelberg, del Dipartimento di Geologia dell'[[Università del Missouri]]. Le sue ricerche di laboratorio e le relazioni scientifiche scritte con Arthur B. Ford (1973-91) sulla petrologia dell'Antartide e specificamente sulle intrusioni Dufek nella parte settentrionale dei Monti Pensacola, furono molto importanti per la comprensione dell'evoluzione di questo importante complesso di [[rocce magmatiche]].<ref name=gnis></ref>
==Note==
<references/>
==Voci correlate==
* [[Monti Pensacola]]
[[Categoria:Monti Pensacola|Himmelberg Hills]]
La denominazione è stata assegnata dall'[[Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names]] (US-ACAN) in onore di Glen R. Himmelberg, del Dipartimento di Geologia dell'[[Università del Missouri]]. Le sue ricerche di laboratorio e le relazioni scientifiche scritte con Arthur B. Ford (1973-91) sulla petrologia dell'Antartide e specificamente sulle intrusioni Dufek nella parte settentrionale dei Monti Pensacola, furono molto importanti per la comprensione dell'evoluzione di questo importante complesso di [[rocce magmatiche]].<ref name=gnis></ref>
==Note==
<references/>
==Voci correlate==
* [[Monti Pensacola]]
[[Categoria:Monti Pensacola|Himmelberg Hills]]
http://bit.ly/2RwVXPx
意味調べるAdolphe Deloffre
新規更新January 18, 2019 at 01:09AM
【外部リンク】
Adolphe Deloffre
82.49.182.133: ←Nuova pagina: e il primo produttore della Carmen
e il primo produttore della Carmen
http://bit.ly/2Cw2pvQ
Жаилганова, Анар Нуралиевна
新規更新されました。 January 18, 2019 at 01:09AM
【外部リンク】
Жаилганова, Анар Нуралиевна
http://bit.ly/2T0SpBw
2019年1月17日木曜日
意味調べるStarke Verlag
新規更新January 17, 2019 at 07:24PM
【外部リンク】
Starke Verlag
Wikiraptor2 :
[[Image:Doepler-Heraldisches-Handbuch-1880.jpg|thumb|''Heraldisches Handbuch'', (1880) publié par Starke Verlag]]
'''C.A. Starke Verlag''' est une maison d'édition allemande à [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] de livres, magazines et autres publications sur la [[généalogie]] et l'[[héraldique]]. La maison d'édition a été fondée le 20 octobre 1847 par Christian August Starke (1823-1882) à [[Görlitz]]<ref>''J. [[Johann Siebmacher|Siebmacher]]s Großes Wappenbuch''. Band H: ''Biographisches Lexikon der Heraldiker sowie der Sphragistiker, Vexillologen und Insignologen''. Hgg. vom [[Herold (Verein)|Herold, Verein für Heraldik, Genealogie und verwandte Wissenschaften]]. Bearbeitet von Jürgen Arndt unter Mitwirkung von Horst Hilgenberg und Marga Wehner, Neustadt an der Aisch 1992, S. 520 f.</ref>, elle est toujours active avec plus de 60% des titres désormais disponibles via la librairie en ligne Jordans. La maison d'édition traditionnelle reste une référencé des livres historiques de généalogie et d'héraldique notamment d'origine germanique<ref>boersenblatt.net am 26. September 2018: [http://bit.ly/2FK38Nd Geschichtlicher Büchertisch übernimmt C.A. Starke]</ref>.
== Références ==
=== Source ===
===References===
http://bit.ly/2Fwjz08
意味調べる月巴周
新規更新January 17, 2019 at 06:18PM
【外部リンク】
月巴周
219.77.75.182：
月巴周（2004-）3月3日月巴村人
唯一事績-欲強奸3名3歲女童卻遭被3名3歲女童輪奸 被判35年
http://bit.ly/2QVrEMY
Arquitectura gótica en Italia
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 05:43PM
【外部リンク】
Arquitectura gótica en Italia
http://bit.ly/2MedKF3
Associação de Clubes de Voleibol
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 05:21PM
【外部リンク】
Associação de Clubes de Voleibol
http://bit.ly/2svO9yr
意味調べるМюзар, Альфред
新規更新January 17, 2019 at 03:34PM
【外部リンク】
Мюзар, Альфред
Андрей Романенко: ← Новая страница: « '''Альфред Мюзар''' (; — ) — французски...»
'''Альфред Мюзар''' (; — ) — французский дирижёр и композитор, специалист по лёгкой музыке. Сын [[Мюзар, Филипп|Филиппа Мюзара]].
Продолжил дело своего отца, переняв у него руководство оркестром, исполнявшим лёгкую танцевальную музыку в Париже, в том числе на открытых площадках<ref>Bethany S. Goldberg. Bernard Ullman and the Business of Orchestras in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Ney York // American Orchestras in the Nineteenth Century / Ed. by John Spitzer. — University of Chicago Press, 2012. — P. 229—230.</ref>.
В 1858 г. предпринял гастроли в США, организатором которых выступил [[Бернард Ульман]], привлекший к выступлениям в качестве солистов [[Тальберг, Сигизмунд|Сигизмунда Тальберга]] и [[Анри Вьётан]]а. Концерты носили чисто светский характер: в рекламе подчёркивалось, что желающим присутствовать дамам будут розданы веера, а мороженое и прохладительные напитки можно будет заказать прямо на своё слушательское место у ожидающих в проходе официантов<ref>R. Allen Lott. From Paris to Peoria: How European Piano Virtuosos Brought Classical Music to the American Heartland. — Oxford University Press, 2003. — P. 155—156.</ref>.
В США познакомился со скрипачкой Элизой Паркер, которая отправилась с ним в Париж и там вышла за него замуж. В Европе Элиза Мюзар оказалась в самом центре светской жизни и в конце концов познакомилась в [[Баден-Баден]]е с королём Нидерландов [[Виллем III|Виллемом III]], став его любовницей<ref>Patrick Turnbull. Eugénie of the French. — L.: Joseph, 1974. — P. 222.</ref>; королевские дары сделали мадам Мюзар исключительно богатой. Этот роман (в ходе которого Мюзар оставалась замужем за дирижёром) закончился дипломатическим скандалом, поскольку Германия усмотрела в нём влияние Франции на нидерландского монарха и его политику<ref>Otto Becker. Bismarcks Ringen um Deutschlands Gestaltung. — Quelle & Meyer, 1958. — S. 406.</ref>.
Для поправки здоровья Мюзар отправился в [[Алжир]], но умер на корабле, возвращаясь во Францию. Его жена разорилась и скончалась в психиатрической больнице.
== Примечания ==
[[Категория:Дирижёры Франции]]
http://bit.ly/2DcFZRy
Base aérienne de Fath
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 01:50PM
【外部リンク】
Base aérienne de Fath
http://bit.ly/2SUlr5T
Turcos cretenses
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 11:14AM
【外部リンク】
Turcos cretenses
http://bit.ly/2MdU2t2
Wenceslao Gaviña
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 07:20AM
【外部リンク】
Wenceslao Gaviña
http://bit.ly/2RMKZoj
София Баварская (1376—1425)
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 07:19AM
【外部リンク】
София Баварская (1376—1425)
http://bit.ly/2Hfv4dX
حركة العمل السامي
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 06:52AM
【外部リンク】
حركة العمل السامي
http://bit.ly/2RN1wZm
Temporada de MotoGP de 2020
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 03:33AM
【外部リンク】
Temporada de MotoGP de 2020
http://bit.ly/2FEpxeM
Cygnus CRS OA-5
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 03:07AM
【外部リンク】
Cygnus CRS OA-5
http://bit.ly/2HpLuAq
ماهيندرا ملك نيبال
新規更新されました。 January 17, 2019 at 12:46AM
【外部リンク】
ماهيندرا ملك نيبال
http://bit.ly/2RuuJc5
The Testament of Sister New Devil
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 11:07PM
【外部リンク】
The Testament of Sister New Devil
http://bit.ly/2TQVtjK
2019年1月16日水曜日
意味調べるアトムの冒険
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 03:15PM
【外部リンク】
アトムの冒険
ネイ: :en:The History and Adventures of an Atom oldid=818672180 より抄訳、出典追加あり
[[ファイル:Adventures of An Atom 1st ed.png|thumb|right|160px|初版の表紙]]
『'''アトムの冒険'''』（アトムのぼうけん、）は、[[トバイアス・スモレット]]の小説<ref name="Hanmoto"></ref>。[[1769年]]に匿名で出版され、古代[[日本]]の物語に仮託して[[七年戦争]]中のイギリスの政治を風刺した。
== 概要 ==
1727年に出版された[[エンゲルベルト・ケンペル]]の『[[日本誌]]』から日本歴代天皇の名前を借用している<ref name="Hanmoto" />。古代[[日本]]の物語に仮託しており<ref name="Muse"></ref>、[[ウィリアム・ピット (初代チャタム伯爵)|大ピット]]が"Taycho"なる統治者として、[[ウィリアム・オーガスタス (カンバーランド公)|カンバーランド公]]が"Fatzman"という戦争の神として登場したほか<ref name="Muse" />、数多くの政治家、君主、軍人などが仮名で登場した。1760年代末のイギリスとアメリカ[[13植民地]]の確執に対するコメントも記述されている。
[[原子]]（アトム）がナレーターを務め、一連の事件を見た上で読者にそれを伝える役割を果たしている。スモレットは古代ギリシャの[[原子論]]での原子を指しているが、同時に風刺の意味もある。
『アトムの冒険』は1769年に匿名で出版され、本当の作者について論争もおこったもののスモレット作とすることが定説となっている<ref>Aileen Douglas, ''Uneasy Sensations: Smollett and the Body'' ([[シカゴ大学出版局|University of Chicago Press]], 1995), , [http://bit.ly/2QRfCnS pp. 133ff].</ref><ref>Lionel Kelly, ed., ''Tobias Smollett: The Critical Heritage'' (Psychology Press, reprint 2012), , [http://bit.ly/2VUPiwO pp. 16-17].</ref>。[[ウォルター・スコット|サー・ウォルター・スコット]]は1821年に「作品の主要な目的は（作者に[[イシュマエル]]と同様に全ての男に手向う機会を与える以外には）国中に大陸との結びつきへの畏怖を引き起こすことである」と論評した<ref>[[ウォルター・スコット|Walter Scott]], "Tobias Smollett" in ''Prose Works: Biographical memoirs of eminent novelists, & other distinguished persons'' (Cadell, 1834), [http://bit.ly/2QRfFjy p. 159].</ref>。
== 書誌情報 ==
*
== 脚注 ==
== 外部リンク ==
*[http://bit.ly/2VZ6RvE 著作の全文]（[[パブリックドメイン]]）
[[Category:1769年の小説]]
[[Category:トバイアス・スモレット]]
[[Category:イギリスの政治小説]]
[[Category:七年戦争]]
『'''アトムの冒険'''』（アトムのぼうけん、）は、[[トバイアス・スモレット]]の小説<ref name="Hanmoto"></ref>。[[1769年]]に匿名で出版され、古代[[日本]]の物語に仮託して[[七年戦争]]中のイギリスの政治を風刺した。
== 概要 ==
1727年に出版された[[エンゲルベルト・ケンペル]]の『[[日本誌]]』から日本歴代天皇の名前を借用している<ref name="Hanmoto" />。古代[[日本]]の物語に仮託しており<ref name="Muse"></ref>、[[ウィリアム・ピット (初代チャタム伯爵)|大ピット]]が"Taycho"なる統治者として、[[ウィリアム・オーガスタス (カンバーランド公)|カンバーランド公]]が"Fatzman"という戦争の神として登場したほか<ref name="Muse" />、数多くの政治家、君主、軍人などが仮名で登場した。1760年代末のイギリスとアメリカ[[13植民地]]の確執に対するコメントも記述されている。
[[原子]]（アトム）がナレーターを務め、一連の事件を見た上で読者にそれを伝える役割を果たしている。スモレットは古代ギリシャの[[原子論]]での原子を指しているが、同時に風刺の意味もある。
『アトムの冒険』は1769年に匿名で出版され、本当の作者について論争もおこったもののスモレット作とすることが定説となっている<ref>Aileen Douglas, ''Uneasy Sensations: Smollett and the Body'' ([[シカゴ大学出版局|University of Chicago Press]], 1995), , [http://bit.ly/2QRfCnS pp. 133ff].</ref><ref>Lionel Kelly, ed., ''Tobias Smollett: The Critical Heritage'' (Psychology Press, reprint 2012), , [http://bit.ly/2VUPiwO pp. 16-17].</ref>。[[ウォルター・スコット|サー・ウォルター・スコット]]は1821年に「作品の主要な目的は（作者に[[イシュマエル]]と同様に全ての男に手向う機会を与える以外には）国中に大陸との結びつきへの畏怖を引き起こすことである」と論評した<ref>[[ウォルター・スコット|Walter Scott]], "Tobias Smollett" in ''Prose Works: Biographical memoirs of eminent novelists, & other distinguished persons'' (Cadell, 1834), [http://bit.ly/2QRfFjy p. 159].</ref>。
== 書誌情報 ==
*
== 脚注 ==
== 外部リンク ==
*[http://bit.ly/2VZ6RvE 著作の全文]（[[パブリックドメイン]]）
[[Category:1769年の小説]]
[[Category:トバイアス・スモレット]]
[[Category:イギリスの政治小説]]
[[Category:七年戦争]]
http://bit.ly/2QQ5z2A
Veronika Albrecht-Birkner
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 12:23PM
【外部リンク】
Veronika Albrecht-Birkner
http://bit.ly/2Mf6loR
GR (etichetta discografica)
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 11:58AM
【外部リンク】
GR (etichetta discografica)
http://bit.ly/2DbKGel
Stephen E. Rivkin
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 11:05AM
【外部リンク】
Stephen E. Rivkin
http://bit.ly/2DdntbV
San Lorenzo in Palatio ad Sancta Sanctorum
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 11:00AM
【外部リンク】
San Lorenzo in Palatio ad Sancta Sanctorum
http://bit.ly/2TTrw2n
Région de Chaouia-Ouardigha (Maroc)
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 10:25AM
【外部リンク】
Région de Chaouia-Ouardigha (Maroc)
http://bit.ly/2Rt3iPY
Jacek Starościak
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 10:14AM
【外部リンク】
Jacek Starościak
http://bit.ly/2CqtK2t
意味調べるETS en la industria del porno
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 09:44AM
【外部リンク】
ETS en la industria del porno
Nobelgentil: /* Véase también */
Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual en la industria del porno abordan el problema de seguridad y salud ocupacional en la industria del sexo de la transmisión de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS / [[ETS]]), especialmente el VIH / SIDA, que se convirtió en una causa importante de preocupación desde la década de 1980, especialmente para actores de películas pornográficas. A partir de[[ 2009]], se habían registrado veintidós casos de [[VIH]] en la industria de la pornografía en los Estados Unidos; aproximadamente la mitad estaban entre los hombres que trabajan en películas gay, y la otra mitad eran[[ hombres]] y [[mujeres]] que trabajaban en producciones [[heterosexuales]]. <ref name="StateCondom"></ref>
== Tipos de enfermedades ==
Debido a que la producción de películas pornográficas involucra [[relaciones sexuales]] no estimuladas, generalmente sin condones ([[barebacking]]), los actores pornográficos son particularmente [[vulnerables]] a las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, como la [[clamidia]], la gonorrea, la sífilis y el VIH / SIDA.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>
== Casos de VIH ==
=== 1980 y 1990 ===
[[Archivo:Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Aiden_Shaw_02a.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|196x196px|[[Aiden Shaw]] padeció el [[Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana|VIH positivo]] en 1997<ref></ref>]]
[[Archivo:BrookeAshley_lg.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|Brooke Ashley dio positivo al VIH en 1998 pero regreso a la pornografía en 2005 en una película con su Madera de Eddie novio, quién era también [[Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana|VIH positivo]].<ref name="AVN2005">[http://bit.ly/2FvK6dM "Powers Shoots HIV-Positive, Hetero Scene"] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2), by Mark Kernes, ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Video_News Adult Video News]'', 2005-08-11. [http://bit.ly/2FyOJmO "AVN Reviews: Dirty Debutantes 2005 327 & 328"], Marc Star, ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Video_News Adult Video News]''. Both retrieved 2007-07-17</ref>]]
Según la ex actriz pornográfica [[Shelley Lubben]], un brote de VIH en la década de 1980 provocó la muerte de 27 estrellas porno entre 1985 y 1992, entre ellas [[Wade Nichols]] (quien murió en 1985), [[John Holmes]] (1988), [[Marc Stevens]] (1989) y [[Al Parker]] (1992).
Cuándo Nichols murió en 1985, su estrella de porno amiga [[Ron Jeremy]] negó que Nichols' la muerte era #sida -relacionó.<ref name="Skinflicks"><code>|fechaacceso=</code> requiere <code>|url=</code> ([[Ayuda:Errores en las referencias#accessdate missing url|ayuda]])
[[Categoría:Wikipedia:Páginas con referencias sin URL y con fecha de acceso]]</ref>
En febrero de 1986, Holmes fue diagnosticado como VIH positivo. Seis meses antes, había dado negativo. Durante el verano de [[1986]], Holmes, conociendo su estado de VIH, acordó actuar en dos películas pornográficas para ser filmadas en Italia, sin informar a los productores sobre su estado de VIH. Los artistas de una película, El ascenso y la caída de la emperatriz romana, fueron Ilona "Cicciolina" Staller, que más tarde se convirtió en miembro del parlamento italiano, [[Tracey Adams]], Christoph Clark y [[Amber Lynn]]. Los artistas de la otra película, [[The Devil In Mr]]. Holmes, fueron Adams, Lynn, Karin Schubert y Marina Hedman. Posteriormente, se reveló que Holmes había elegido conscientemente no revelar su estado de VIH a sus productores o compañeros de reparto antes de participar en relaciones sexuales sin protección para la filmación. Cuando su [[salud]] falló, Holmes atribuyó su condición al [[Cáncer colorrectal|cáncer de colon]] y confesó que tenía SIDA en enero de 1987. Murió de complicaciones relacionadas con el SIDA el 13 de marzo de 1988, a la edad de [[43]] años. <ref name="Scheeres"></ref>
==Pruebas y clínicas. ==
Las revelaciones llevaron a la creación de la Fundación de Atención Médica Médica para Adultos (AIM Healthcare o AIM) en 1998, que ayudó a establecer un sistema de monitoreo en la industria de películas pornográficas en los Estados Unidos, y se requirió la prueba de actores de películas pornográficas. VIH cada 30 días.<ref></ref>
El sistema AIM requería que todos los contactos sexuales se registraran, con resultados positivos de las pruebas que dieron lugar a todos los contactos sexuales durante los últimos tres a seis meses para ser contactados y reexaminados. El uso de condones se convirtió en un estándar en las películas con sexo anal homosexual. Debido a las pruebas médicas precisas y obligatorias, los casos de VIH y SIDA se volvieron raros en la industria del cine pornográfico .
Sin embargo, la prueba es voluntaria (aunque la negativa a ser probada puede hacer que el actor no tenga un rol sexual) y no hay pruebas ni [[supervisión]] de la industria cinematográfica pornográfica en otros países. Ha habido indicios de que los actores abandonaron la industria voluntariamente, al menos la industria en los [[Estados Unidos]], en lugar de ser evaluados por AIM y se les ha revelado su estado de SIDA y VIH.
AIM cerró todas sus operaciones en mayo de [[2011]], obligando a la industria a buscar otros mecanismos para respaldar y hacer cumplir las pruebas regulares. La brecha fue llenada por la Free Speech Coalition, que configuró el sistema APHSS, ahora conocido como Performer Availability Screening Services (PASS)
.<ref></ref>
== Véase también ==
* Industria de adulto Fundación de Cuidado de Salud Médica (OBJETIVO)
* #Sida Healthcare Fundación
* Servicios de Exploración de Disponibilidad de intérprete (PASE)
== Referencias ==
[[Categoría:Sida]]
[[Categoría:Prevención de riesgos laborales]]
== Tipos de enfermedades ==
Debido a que la producción de películas pornográficas involucra [[relaciones sexuales]] no estimuladas, generalmente sin condones ([[barebacking]]), los actores pornográficos son particularmente [[vulnerables]] a las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, como la [[clamidia]], la gonorrea, la sífilis y el VIH / SIDA.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>
== Casos de VIH ==
=== 1980 y 1990 ===
[[Archivo:Life_Ball_2013_-_magenta_carpet_Aiden_Shaw_02a.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|196x196px|[[Aiden Shaw]] padeció el [[Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana|VIH positivo]] en 1997<ref></ref>]]
[[Archivo:BrookeAshley_lg.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|Brooke Ashley dio positivo al VIH en 1998 pero regreso a la pornografía en 2005 en una película con su Madera de Eddie novio, quién era también [[Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana|VIH positivo]].<ref name="AVN2005">[http://bit.ly/2FvK6dM "Powers Shoots HIV-Positive, Hetero Scene"] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2), by Mark Kernes, ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Video_News Adult Video News]'', 2005-08-11. [http://bit.ly/2FyOJmO "AVN Reviews: Dirty Debutantes 2005 327 & 328"], Marc Star, ''[//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_Video_News Adult Video News]''. Both retrieved 2007-07-17</ref>]]
Según la ex actriz pornográfica [[Shelley Lubben]], un brote de VIH en la década de 1980 provocó la muerte de 27 estrellas porno entre 1985 y 1992, entre ellas [[Wade Nichols]] (quien murió en 1985), [[John Holmes]] (1988), [[Marc Stevens]] (1989) y [[Al Parker]] (1992).
Cuándo Nichols murió en 1985, su estrella de porno amiga [[Ron Jeremy]] negó que Nichols' la muerte era #sida -relacionó.<ref name="Skinflicks"><code>|fechaacceso=</code> requiere <code>|url=</code> ([[Ayuda:Errores en las referencias#accessdate missing url|ayuda]])
[[Categoría:Wikipedia:Páginas con referencias sin URL y con fecha de acceso]]</ref>
En febrero de 1986, Holmes fue diagnosticado como VIH positivo. Seis meses antes, había dado negativo. Durante el verano de [[1986]], Holmes, conociendo su estado de VIH, acordó actuar en dos películas pornográficas para ser filmadas en Italia, sin informar a los productores sobre su estado de VIH. Los artistas de una película, El ascenso y la caída de la emperatriz romana, fueron Ilona "Cicciolina" Staller, que más tarde se convirtió en miembro del parlamento italiano, [[Tracey Adams]], Christoph Clark y [[Amber Lynn]]. Los artistas de la otra película, [[The Devil In Mr]]. Holmes, fueron Adams, Lynn, Karin Schubert y Marina Hedman. Posteriormente, se reveló que Holmes había elegido conscientemente no revelar su estado de VIH a sus productores o compañeros de reparto antes de participar en relaciones sexuales sin protección para la filmación. Cuando su [[salud]] falló, Holmes atribuyó su condición al [[Cáncer colorrectal|cáncer de colon]] y confesó que tenía SIDA en enero de 1987. Murió de complicaciones relacionadas con el SIDA el 13 de marzo de 1988, a la edad de [[43]] años. <ref name="Scheeres"></ref>
==Pruebas y clínicas. ==
Las revelaciones llevaron a la creación de la Fundación de Atención Médica Médica para Adultos (AIM Healthcare o AIM) en 1998, que ayudó a establecer un sistema de monitoreo en la industria de películas pornográficas en los Estados Unidos, y se requirió la prueba de actores de películas pornográficas. VIH cada 30 días.<ref></ref>
El sistema AIM requería que todos los contactos sexuales se registraran, con resultados positivos de las pruebas que dieron lugar a todos los contactos sexuales durante los últimos tres a seis meses para ser contactados y reexaminados. El uso de condones se convirtió en un estándar en las películas con sexo anal homosexual. Debido a las pruebas médicas precisas y obligatorias, los casos de VIH y SIDA se volvieron raros en la industria del cine pornográfico .
Sin embargo, la prueba es voluntaria (aunque la negativa a ser probada puede hacer que el actor no tenga un rol sexual) y no hay pruebas ni [[supervisión]] de la industria cinematográfica pornográfica en otros países. Ha habido indicios de que los actores abandonaron la industria voluntariamente, al menos la industria en los [[Estados Unidos]], en lugar de ser evaluados por AIM y se les ha revelado su estado de SIDA y VIH.
AIM cerró todas sus operaciones en mayo de [[2011]], obligando a la industria a buscar otros mecanismos para respaldar y hacer cumplir las pruebas regulares. La brecha fue llenada por la Free Speech Coalition, que configuró el sistema APHSS, ahora conocido como Performer Availability Screening Services (PASS)
.<ref></ref>
== Véase también ==
* Industria de adulto Fundación de Cuidado de Salud Médica (OBJETIVO)
* #Sida Healthcare Fundación
* Servicios de Exploración de Disponibilidad de intérprete (PASE)
== Referencias ==
[[Categoría:Sida]]
[[Categoría:Prevención de riesgos laborales]]
http://bit.ly/2Ft0tIn
意味調べるVane (video game)
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 09:37AM
【外部リンク】
Vane (video game)
Chubbles: getting this ball rolling with a stub. I'll leave it to the experts to flesh it out.
'''Vane''' is a [[video game]] released on January 15, 2019 for the [[PlayStation 4]]. The game was developed by studio Friend & Foe, and its producer is Matt Smith.<ref>[https://engt.co/2HevRvS Excited and exhausted: The hours before the launch of 'Vane']. Engadget, January 15, 2019.</ref>
Vane is an [[adventure game]] in which players control a child that is able to turn back and forth into a bird. Gameplay involves exploration and puzzle-solving. The game received mixed reviews upon release.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2MfTseA Vane Is a Beautiful but Clunky Adventure]. Polygon, January 15, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2Cn0MjL New Indie Vane Looks Great But Isn't]. Kotaku, January 15, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2AM93xD Vane Review: In Vain]. Gamespot, January 15, 2019.</ref>
==References==
[[Category:PlayStation 4 games]]
[[Category:2019 video games]]
[[Category:Indie video games]]
Vane is an [[adventure game]] in which players control a child that is able to turn back and forth into a bird. Gameplay involves exploration and puzzle-solving. The game received mixed reviews upon release.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2MfTseA Vane Is a Beautiful but Clunky Adventure]. Polygon, January 15, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2Cn0MjL New Indie Vane Looks Great But Isn't]. Kotaku, January 15, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2AM93xD Vane Review: In Vain]. Gamespot, January 15, 2019.</ref>
==References==
[[Category:PlayStation 4 games]]
[[Category:2019 video games]]
[[Category:Indie video games]]
http://bit.ly/2FAKCGK
Maurice Hocquette
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 07:49AM
【外部リンク】
Maurice Hocquette
http://bit.ly/2QSN1yu
Virus (película de 2013)
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 07:48AM
【外部リンク】
Virus (película de 2013)
http://bit.ly/2VX6RMH
Röderberg-Taschenbuch
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 05:37AM
【外部リンク】
Röderberg-Taschenbuch
http://bit.ly/2QQSRAx
意味調べるAndré Terrasson
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 04:03AM
【外部リンク】
André Terrasson
Enrevseluj : Ajout rapide de : + catholicisme
'''André Terrasson''' est un oratorien et prédicateur français, né à [[Lyon]] en 1669, mort en 1723. Il est le frère de [[Jean Terrasson]].
Il se livra avec beaucoup de succès à l'éloquence de la chaire, prêcha devant la cour (1717) et à Paris et acquit la réputation d'un des meilleurs prédicateurs du second ordre. Son éloquence était simple et noble,
forte et naturelle. Ses ''Sermons'' ont été réunis et publiés en 1726 (4 vol. in-12). On en trouve un certain nombre dans la collection des ''Orateurs chrétiens'' (Paris, 1820 et suiv.).
==Source==
http://bit.ly/2MgJbig
Osborne Macharia
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 04:58AM
【外部リンク】
Osborne Macharia
http://bit.ly/2AJq5fN
意味調べる2018年中国大陆游戏版号冻结
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 03:36AM
【外部リンク】
2018年中国大陆游戏版号冻结
Search255：条目创建
'''2018年中国大陆游戏版号冻结'''是一段时期，在此期间内，中国大陆的[[电子游戏]]版号审批处于暂停状态。从2018年3月底开始，持续到该年12月。
这一时期的版号冻结，客观上造成了经济损失，游戏行业开发积极性下滑，部分小型游戏工作室倒闭，一定量的游戏发行出走海外市场。同时政策的不稳定性也使得中国大陆游戏市场前景预期黯淡<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
==概述==
与北美[[娛樂軟件分級委員會|ESRB]]、欧洲[[泛欧游戏信息组织|PEGI]]或是[[遊戲軟體分級管理辦法|台湾地区]]的[[电子游戏分级系统|分级方法]]不同，中国大陆的电子游戏需要进行自己的[[中华人民共和国电子游戏审查制度|内容审查]]，通过后予以上架销售许可。但自2018年3月即不再出现新的版号，造成了实际新游戏上架的暂停。
2018年3月29日，新闻出版广电总局发布《游戏申报审批重要事项通知》，其中称机构改革带来了对游戏审批工作的影响，其中未提及恢复时间<ref name="0907qd">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
虽然经历了相当长一段时间的冻结，但直到2018年8月，才有媒体就此事进行讨论。
版号冻结情况于2018年12月底解禁，[[国家广播电视总局]]重新开始版号审批与核发工作<ref name="1221gamelook">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>；首批通过审核的为国产游戏<ref name="sart2018"></ref>，进口游戏仍然为暂停状态<ref></ref>。
版号冻结造成了近9个月时间的新游戏核发与上架停止，波及[[家用游戏机]]、[[手机游戏]]等多平台多种类的电子游戏。中国大陆[[中華人民共和國媒體|官方媒体]]多保持沉默，偶有提及也集中在经济新闻方面，如12月4日[[中国中央电视台|CCTV财经]]《交易时间》栏目<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
==背景==
===中国大陆电子游戏市场===
在2017年，以游戏营收来说，中国大陆已经是世界最大的游戏市场<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。其中[[手机游戏]]自2013年的占比17%跃升到2016年的46%，成为增长迅猛的主因。
===中国大陆电子游戏审核===
2010世代，依托游戏平台发行的电子游戏，往往具有网络连接功能，以进行[[数字版权管理|DRM认证]]或版本更新功能；按照中国大陆定义，这类具联网更新功能的电子游戏，属于网络游戏。数字发行单机游戏在中国大陆审批<ref></ref> ，需要由[[国家广播电视总局]]给予的电子出版物出版许可号，即「新广出审」号，在国家广播电视总局网站公式；进口的网络游戏，需由[[中华人民共和国文化部]]（2018年改组为文化和旅游部）审批，即「文网游进字」，在中国文化市场网公示。
以中国大陆版 [[NVIDIA SHIELD TV]] 为例，其上推行了任天堂复刻游戏；这几款游戏之前从未进入中国市场，故需要送有关部门审批。
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!游戏名称!!出版许可号!!出版许可通过日!!进口游戏内容审查批准文号!!进口批文发布日期
|-
| [[新超级马里奥兄弟Wii|新超级马力欧兄弟]]<br />''New Super Mario Bros. Wii'' || 新广出审[2017]806号<ref></ref> || 2017-01-20 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0082 号<ref></ref> || 2017-07-06
|-
| [[薩爾達傳說 黃昏公主|塞尔达传说：黄昏公主]]<br />''The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess'' || 新广出审[2017]4113号<ref></ref> || 2017-05-10 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0178 号<ref></ref> || 2017-11-03
|-
| [[Punch-Out!!|击拳热斗！！]]<br />''Punch-Out!!'' || 新广出审[2017]6734号<ref></ref> || 2017-08-09 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0180 号<ref></ref> || 2017-11-03
|-
| [[超级马里奥银河|超级马力欧银河]]<br />''Super Mario Galaxy'' || 新广出审[2017]6733号<ref></ref> || 2017-08-09 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0210 号<ref></ref> || 2017-12-11
|}
===中国大陆2018年机构改组===
2018年3月的[[两会]]，具体为其中人民代表大会的[[第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议]]，通过了《关于国务院机构改革方案的决定》。游戏审批相关的[[中华人民共和国文化部|文化部]]、[[中华人民共和国国家新闻出版广电总局]]不再保留，职能转移到[[中华人民共和国文化和旅游部]]、[[国家广播电视总局]]。
机构变动涉及多部门，伴随而来的一系列调整，造成了一定程度的职能暂停。[[南华早报]]据不具名人士透露，可能与监管机构间的权力斗争相关<ref name="0815scmp">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
==影响==
===游戏业遇冷===
版号冻结审批造成了中国大陆一直高速发展的游戏业降温。
2018年[[ChinaJoy]]期间发布了由CNG与GPC完成的报告，显示2018年上半年，游戏市场相比去年同期仅增长5%，达1050亿元，成为10年间首次仅有的个位数增幅<ref name="0808scmp">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
使得中国大陆游戏题材的股票，出现了市值波动，如[[腾讯]]在十年内首次下滑，在8月中旬相比1月蒸发约1500亿美元，至11月的7～9月财报披露，仅为3月份市值的6成<ref name="1115nikkei">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>，而2018年新登陆[[纳斯达克]]的[[Bilibili]]，至8月跌幅达13%<ref name="0815bloomberg">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。而非中国大陆的游戏企业，如Nexon、Capcom等也出现了下跌，也被认为与大陆市场前景不明有关<ref name="0815bloomberg" />。
而12月的解禁，也相应造成了相关股票的回升<ref name="1221gamelook" />。
===海外发行===
由于中国大陆审核机制的长期存在，使得创作题材受到限制，加上2018年版号冻结，部分游戏开发商选择"出海"，即在海外平台进行游戏发布，例如[[Steam]]与[[GOG]]等，有消息指出这类平台的中国大陆用户急剧上升<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
公开游戏平台如Steam和GOG，由于不适用《网络出版服务管理规定》限定的境内网络出版服务商而没有游戏审核限制<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>；而中国大陆是[[WTO]]成员国，其为受条约框架保护的跨境软件服务提供商，从而为游戏的销售提供了"曲线救国"的可能。
2018年9月爆红的[[太吾绘卷]]仅在Steam平台上架，虽然仅提供简体中文版本，但仍然创下销量奇迹；反映了中国大陆游戏市场对好作品的需求。
==相关事件==
===怪物猎人下架===
PC版本的[[怪物猎人 世界]]在2018年8月上架，发行平台为[[Steam]]与中国大陆[[腾讯]]的[[WeGame]]平台。发行几日后，WeGame平台遭遇[[有关部门]]下架。
虽然下架本身理由本身与版号审批无关，但因为存在这样特定的时期，使得市场信心不足。CAPCOM股价也出现下跌。
===版号交易===
以借壳方式进行版号交易的情况也出现，具体而言就是将旧有已上架游戏抽空，装进新的游戏。版号租用价格一度达到55万元<ref name="0907qd" />。
==参见==
*[[中華人民共和國電子遊戲審查制度]]
*[[中华人民共和国出版物审查制度]]
==参考与引用==
==外部链接==
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
*
[[Category:中国电子游戏界]]
[[Category:电子游戏审查制度]]
[[Category:2018年中国]]
这一时期的版号冻结，客观上造成了经济损失，游戏行业开发积极性下滑，部分小型游戏工作室倒闭，一定量的游戏发行出走海外市场。同时政策的不稳定性也使得中国大陆游戏市场前景预期黯淡<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
==概述==
与北美[[娛樂軟件分級委員會|ESRB]]、欧洲[[泛欧游戏信息组织|PEGI]]或是[[遊戲軟體分級管理辦法|台湾地区]]的[[电子游戏分级系统|分级方法]]不同，中国大陆的电子游戏需要进行自己的[[中华人民共和国电子游戏审查制度|内容审查]]，通过后予以上架销售许可。但自2018年3月即不再出现新的版号，造成了实际新游戏上架的暂停。
2018年3月29日，新闻出版广电总局发布《游戏申报审批重要事项通知》，其中称机构改革带来了对游戏审批工作的影响，其中未提及恢复时间<ref name="0907qd">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
虽然经历了相当长一段时间的冻结，但直到2018年8月，才有媒体就此事进行讨论。
版号冻结情况于2018年12月底解禁，[[国家广播电视总局]]重新开始版号审批与核发工作<ref name="1221gamelook">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>；首批通过审核的为国产游戏<ref name="sart2018"></ref>，进口游戏仍然为暂停状态<ref></ref>。
版号冻结造成了近9个月时间的新游戏核发与上架停止，波及[[家用游戏机]]、[[手机游戏]]等多平台多种类的电子游戏。中国大陆[[中華人民共和國媒體|官方媒体]]多保持沉默，偶有提及也集中在经济新闻方面，如12月4日[[中国中央电视台|CCTV财经]]《交易时间》栏目<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
==背景==
===中国大陆电子游戏市场===
在2017年，以游戏营收来说，中国大陆已经是世界最大的游戏市场<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。其中[[手机游戏]]自2013年的占比17%跃升到2016年的46%，成为增长迅猛的主因。
===中国大陆电子游戏审核===
2010世代，依托游戏平台发行的电子游戏，往往具有网络连接功能，以进行[[数字版权管理|DRM认证]]或版本更新功能；按照中国大陆定义，这类具联网更新功能的电子游戏，属于网络游戏。数字发行单机游戏在中国大陆审批<ref></ref> ，需要由[[国家广播电视总局]]给予的电子出版物出版许可号，即「新广出审」号，在国家广播电视总局网站公式；进口的网络游戏，需由[[中华人民共和国文化部]]（2018年改组为文化和旅游部）审批，即「文网游进字」，在中国文化市场网公示。
以中国大陆版 [[NVIDIA SHIELD TV]] 为例，其上推行了任天堂复刻游戏；这几款游戏之前从未进入中国市场，故需要送有关部门审批。
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!游戏名称!!出版许可号!!出版许可通过日!!进口游戏内容审查批准文号!!进口批文发布日期
|-
| [[新超级马里奥兄弟Wii|新超级马力欧兄弟]]<br />''New Super Mario Bros. Wii'' || 新广出审[2017]806号<ref></ref> || 2017-01-20 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0082 号<ref></ref> || 2017-07-06
|-
| [[薩爾達傳說 黃昏公主|塞尔达传说：黄昏公主]]<br />''The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess'' || 新广出审[2017]4113号<ref></ref> || 2017-05-10 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0178 号<ref></ref> || 2017-11-03
|-
| [[Punch-Out!!|击拳热斗！！]]<br />''Punch-Out!!'' || 新广出审[2017]6734号<ref></ref> || 2017-08-09 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0180 号<ref></ref> || 2017-11-03
|-
| [[超级马里奥银河|超级马力欧银河]]<br />''Super Mario Galaxy'' || 新广出审[2017]6733号<ref></ref> || 2017-08-09 || 文网游进字〔2017〕0210 号<ref></ref> || 2017-12-11
|}
===中国大陆2018年机构改组===
2018年3月的[[两会]]，具体为其中人民代表大会的[[第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议]]，通过了《关于国务院机构改革方案的决定》。游戏审批相关的[[中华人民共和国文化部|文化部]]、[[中华人民共和国国家新闻出版广电总局]]不再保留，职能转移到[[中华人民共和国文化和旅游部]]、[[国家广播电视总局]]。
机构变动涉及多部门，伴随而来的一系列调整，造成了一定程度的职能暂停。[[南华早报]]据不具名人士透露，可能与监管机构间的权力斗争相关<ref name="0815scmp">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
==影响==
===游戏业遇冷===
版号冻结审批造成了中国大陆一直高速发展的游戏业降温。
2018年[[ChinaJoy]]期间发布了由CNG与GPC完成的报告，显示2018年上半年，游戏市场相比去年同期仅增长5%，达1050亿元，成为10年间首次仅有的个位数增幅<ref name="0808scmp">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
使得中国大陆游戏题材的股票，出现了市值波动，如[[腾讯]]在十年内首次下滑，在8月中旬相比1月蒸发约1500亿美元，至11月的7～9月财报披露，仅为3月份市值的6成<ref name="1115nikkei">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>，而2018年新登陆[[纳斯达克]]的[[Bilibili]]，至8月跌幅达13%<ref name="0815bloomberg">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。而非中国大陆的游戏企业，如Nexon、Capcom等也出现了下跌，也被认为与大陆市场前景不明有关<ref name="0815bloomberg" />。
而12月的解禁，也相应造成了相关股票的回升<ref name="1221gamelook" />。
===海外发行===
由于中国大陆审核机制的长期存在，使得创作题材受到限制，加上2018年版号冻结，部分游戏开发商选择"出海"，即在海外平台进行游戏发布，例如[[Steam]]与[[GOG]]等，有消息指出这类平台的中国大陆用户急剧上升<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>。
公开游戏平台如Steam和GOG，由于不适用《网络出版服务管理规定》限定的境内网络出版服务商而没有游戏审核限制<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>；而中国大陆是[[WTO]]成员国，其为受条约框架保护的跨境软件服务提供商，从而为游戏的销售提供了"曲线救国"的可能。
2018年9月爆红的[[太吾绘卷]]仅在Steam平台上架，虽然仅提供简体中文版本，但仍然创下销量奇迹；反映了中国大陆游戏市场对好作品的需求。
==相关事件==
===怪物猎人下架===
PC版本的[[怪物猎人 世界]]在2018年8月上架，发行平台为[[Steam]]与中国大陆[[腾讯]]的[[WeGame]]平台。发行几日后，WeGame平台遭遇[[有关部门]]下架。
虽然下架本身理由本身与版号审批无关，但因为存在这样特定的时期，使得市场信心不足。CAPCOM股价也出现下跌。
===版号交易===
以借壳方式进行版号交易的情况也出现，具体而言就是将旧有已上架游戏抽空，装进新的游戏。版号租用价格一度达到55万元<ref name="0907qd" />。
==参见==
*[[中華人民共和國電子遊戲審查制度]]
*[[中华人民共和国出版物审查制度]]
==参考与引用==
==外部链接==
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
*
[[Category:中国电子游戏界]]
[[Category:电子游戏审查制度]]
[[Category:2018年中国]]
http://bit.ly/2SWkrhN
Friedrich Kalpenstein
新規更新されました。 January 16, 2019 at 01:42AM
【外部リンク】
Friedrich Kalpenstein
http://bit.ly/2APS25R
意味調べるNguyễn Phúc Mỹ Đường
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 01:04AM
【外部リンク】
Nguyễn Phúc Mỹ Đường
2001:EE0:4F13:4EA0:BC19:8E77:BC8D:F6B3: ←Trang mới: "'''Nguyễn Phúc Mỹ Đường''' (Hán tự: 阮福美堂, 1798 – 1849) tên khai sinh là '''Nguyễn Phúc Đán''' (阮福旦) hay còn gọi là Hoàng T…"
'''Nguyễn Phúc Mỹ Đường''' (Hán tự: 阮福美堂, 1798 – 1849) tên khai sinh là '''Nguyễn Phúc Đán''' (阮福旦) hay còn gọi là Hoàng Tôn Đán, Hoàng tử của triều Nguyễn, Việt Nam.
'''Nguyễn Phúc Mỹ Đường''' là con trai cả của Thái tử [[Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh]] và bà [[Tống Thị Quyên]]. Ông được trai danh hiệu Ứng Hòa Công vào năm 1817. Vào thời đó, Hoàng đế [[Gia Long]] đã già.
Nhiều đình thần đề nghị '''Mỹ Đường''' nên được bổ nhiệm làm Thái Tử (Hoàng Thái Tôn) nhưng bị Vua Gia Long từ chối. Sau đó, Vua Gia Long đã thay đổi quy tắc kế thừa nguyên thủy và bổ nhiệm [[Nguyễn Phúc Đảm]] làm người kế vị, người trở thành Vua [[Minh Mạng]].
Vào năm 1824, Mỹ Đường đã bị buộc tội loạn luân với mẹ của mình, Tống Thị Quyên, bởi quan lại [[Lê Văn Duyệt]], với kết quả là ông bị trục xuất khỏi triều đình, giáng xuống làm thứ dân, con trai con gái chỉ được biên chép phụ ở phía sau sổ tôn thất, trong khi mẹ ông chết trong tù. ''(Có tài liệu chép rằng người tố cáo Mỹ Đường là người bí mật và Tống Thị Quyên bị Lê Văn Duyệt dìm nước cho chết.)''
Năm [[Minh Mạng]] thứ bảy (1826), Mỹ Thùy lại bị quân lính ở đạo Dực Chẩn kiện, sắp bị đưa cho đình thần nghị tội thì Mỹ Thùy bị bệnh mà mất, lúc ấy chưa có con cái gì. Vua cho lấy con trưởng của Mỹ Đường là Lệ Chung, tập phong làm Ứng Hòa Hầu để lo việc phụng thờ Anh Duệ Hoàng thái tử [tức Hoàng tử Cảnh]... Đến năm thứ tám (1827), đổi phong (Lệ Chung) làm Thái Bình Hầu...
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Thông tin chung
|-
!Vợ
|???
|-
!Con
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Hậu duệ
|-
|Nguyễn Phúc Lệ Chung<br />
|}
|-
!Tên thật
|'''Nguyễn Phúc Đán''' (阮福旦)
|-
!Thụy hiệu
|
|-
!Cha
|[[Gia Long|Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh]]
|-
!Mẹ
|[[Tống Thị Quyên]]
|-
!Sinh
|1798
[[Đại Việt]]
|-
!Mất
|1849 (51 tuổi)
[[Đại Việt]]
|-
!An táng
|
|}
<br />
'''Nguyễn Phúc Mỹ Đường''' là con trai cả của Thái tử [[Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh]] và bà [[Tống Thị Quyên]]. Ông được trai danh hiệu Ứng Hòa Công vào năm 1817. Vào thời đó, Hoàng đế [[Gia Long]] đã già.
Nhiều đình thần đề nghị '''Mỹ Đường''' nên được bổ nhiệm làm Thái Tử (Hoàng Thái Tôn) nhưng bị Vua Gia Long từ chối. Sau đó, Vua Gia Long đã thay đổi quy tắc kế thừa nguyên thủy và bổ nhiệm [[Nguyễn Phúc Đảm]] làm người kế vị, người trở thành Vua [[Minh Mạng]].
Vào năm 1824, Mỹ Đường đã bị buộc tội loạn luân với mẹ của mình, Tống Thị Quyên, bởi quan lại [[Lê Văn Duyệt]], với kết quả là ông bị trục xuất khỏi triều đình, giáng xuống làm thứ dân, con trai con gái chỉ được biên chép phụ ở phía sau sổ tôn thất, trong khi mẹ ông chết trong tù. ''(Có tài liệu chép rằng người tố cáo Mỹ Đường là người bí mật và Tống Thị Quyên bị Lê Văn Duyệt dìm nước cho chết.)''
Năm [[Minh Mạng]] thứ bảy (1826), Mỹ Thùy lại bị quân lính ở đạo Dực Chẩn kiện, sắp bị đưa cho đình thần nghị tội thì Mỹ Thùy bị bệnh mà mất, lúc ấy chưa có con cái gì. Vua cho lấy con trưởng của Mỹ Đường là Lệ Chung, tập phong làm Ứng Hòa Hầu để lo việc phụng thờ Anh Duệ Hoàng thái tử [tức Hoàng tử Cảnh]... Đến năm thứ tám (1827), đổi phong (Lệ Chung) làm Thái Bình Hầu...
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Thông tin chung
|-
!Vợ
|???
|-
!Con
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Hậu duệ
|-
|Nguyễn Phúc Lệ Chung<br />
|}
|-
!Tên thật
|'''Nguyễn Phúc Đán''' (阮福旦)
|-
!Thụy hiệu
|
|-
!Cha
|[[Gia Long|Nguyễn Phúc Cảnh]]
|-
!Mẹ
|[[Tống Thị Quyên]]
|-
!Sinh
|1798
[[Đại Việt]]
|-
!Mất
|1849 (51 tuổi)
[[Đại Việt]]
|-
!An táng
|
|}
<br />
http://bit.ly/2McqnR4
意味調べるMendo limón
新規更新January 16, 2019 at 01:02AM
【外部リンク】
Mendo limón
André el pescadero:
'''''Microstomus kitt''''' es un [[Pez|pescado]] [[Teleostei|teleósteo]] de la [[Orden (biología)|orden]] de los [[pleuronectiformes]], [[Familia (biología)|familia]] de los pleuronéctidos y subfamilia de los [[Pleuronectidae|pleuronectinos]], una de las cuatro que integran el [[Género (biología)|género]] ''[[Microstomus]]'', y que es conocida en [[Idioma gallego|gallego]] como mendo, y también como '''mendo''' limón.<ref name="W">[http://bit.ly/2soqujs ''Microstomus kitt'' (Walbaum, 1792)] no [//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/WoRMS WoRMS].</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2MgdoOs ''Microstomus'' Gottsche, 1835] no WoRMS.</ref><ref name="RS">Rodríguez Solórzano, Manuel; Sergio Devesa Regueiro e Lidia Soutullo Garrido (1983): ''Guía dos peixes de Galicia''. Vigo: Galaxia. [//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8471544334 ISBN 84-7154-433-4], p. 201-202.</ref><ref>Lahuerta Mouriño, Fernando e Francisco X. Vázquez Álvarez (2000): ''Vocabulario multilingüe de organismos acuáticos''. Santiago de Compostela: Xunta de Galicia / Termigal. [//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8445329138 ISBN 84-453-2913-8], p. 82.</ref>
Se trata cómo todos los pescados de la familia de los pleuronéctidos tiene el cuerpo aplanado, [[Simetría bilateral|asimétrico]], y con los dos [[Ojo|ojos]] situados en el lado pigmentado del [[Cuerpo (anatomía)|cuerpo.]]
de un pescado [[mar]]<nowiki/>ino, [[demersal]], [[Migración animal|oceanódromo]], de grande importancia económica, que puede alcanzar hasta los 65 cm de longitud y los 3 kg de peso, que habita en aguas poco profundas de los mares del noroeste de [[Europa]], en hondos pedregosos de hasta profundidades de unos 200 m, y que si distribuye desde el [[mar Cantábrico]] y el [[golfo de Vizcaya]], por el sur, hasta los [[Mar de Barents|mares de Barents]] y [[Mar Blanco]], polo norte, incluyendo también las costas de [[Islandia]].
== Taxonomía ==
La especie fue descrita en [[1792]] lo pones [[médico]], [[naturalista]] y taxónomo [[Alemania|alemán]] [[Johann Julius Walbaum]], que le adjudicó el nombre de ''Pleuronectes kitt''.
=== Sinónimos ===
Además de lo pones nombre originario y por el actualmente válido, la especie se conoció también los pones [[Sinonimia (semántica)|sinónimos]]:
* ''Microstomus latidens'' Gottsche, 1835
* ''Platessa por la'' Cuvier, 1829
* ''Pleuronectes gilli'' Steindachner, 1868
* ''Pleuronectes laevis'' Shaw, 1803
* ''Pleuronectes microcephalus'' Donovan, 1803
=== Nota sobre los nombres vulgares gallegos ===
La bibliografía gallega disponible puede dar lugar a confusiones los nombres de esta especie y de ''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus''.Como venimos, Rodríguez Solórzano ''él'' at. denominan a ''Microstomus kitt'' cómo mendo, y Lahuerta y Vázquez, como ''mendo'' limón.Sin embargo, estos últimos autores dan el sinónimo mendo a Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, mientras que ambas autoridades designan la esta especie como coreano,Por otra parte hace falta decir que en el Gran diccionario ''Xerais'' ''de la lengua'', en su edición de 2009, define ''MENDO2'' cómo "pescado pleuronectiforme (''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus'') de cuerpo largo, con pintas circulares más pardas que el resto de la piel lo pones lomo y la aleta pectoral negra"; y el Diccionario Cumio de la lengua gallega, de 1999, también define mendo, en su 2ª acepción, como "pescado marino malacopterigio (''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus'') de forma plana semejante al lenguado", definición que se repite en el Gran diccionario ''Cumbre'' de la lengua gallega, de 2004, y más en el ''Gran diccionario'' siglo 21 ''de la lengua gallega'', de 2006, coediteado este último con [[Editorial Galaxia|Galaxia]].<ref name="LV">Lahuerta e Vázquez (2000), p. 81.</ref>Ninguno de los diccionarios de estas editoriales define ''coreano'' con el significado de [[Pez|pescado]].
== Características ==
Las principales características de ''Microstomus kitt'' son las siguientes:<ref name="M">Muus, Bent J. ''et al''. (1998), p. 270.</ref><ref name="MN">Muus, B. J. & J. G. Nielsen (1999): ''Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book'', Hedehusene: Denmark.</ref><ref name="F">Frimodt, C. (1995): ''Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish''. Oxford, England: Fishing News Books, Osney Mead.</ref>
* [[Cuerpo (anatomía)|Cuerpo]] ovalado, bastante más ancho que lo de otros [[Pleuronectiformes|pescados planos]], de hasta 65 cm y 3 kg de peso (aunque los espécímenes capturados raramente sobrepasan los 40 cm).
* [[Cabeza]] pequeña, con la [[boca]] asimismo pequeña.
* [[Piel]] y tacto áspero. A [[Color|coloración]] del lado pigmentado o superior es acastañada, con manchas más oscuras, y la del lado ciego es abrancazada.
* [[Línea lateral]] casi recta, con tan sólo una ligera curva por riba de la [[Aleta (zoología)|aleta pectoral]].
== Biología ==
=== Hábitat y distribución ===
; Hábitat
ES un pescado marino, [[demersal]], [[Migración animal|oceanódromo]], que vive en aguas poco profundas de los mares del noroeste de [[Europa]], sobre todo en hondos pedregosos a profundidades de entre los 10 y los 200 m (usualmente, de 10 a 150 m).<ref name="R">Riede, K. (2004): ''Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales''. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany.</ref><ref name="FAO">FAO-FIGIS (2001): "''Microstomus kitt''" en ''A world overview of species of interest to fisheries''. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS.</ref>
; Distribución
Se encuentra entre los 72° N y los 43° N, y entre los 26° W y los 45° Y, desde el [[mar Cantábrico]] y el [[golfo de Vizcaya]], polo sur, hasta los [[Mar de Barents|mares de Barents]] y [[Mar Blanco|Blanco]], polo norte, incluyendo también las costas de [[Islandia]].<ref name="FB">`[http://bit.ly/2stYPxG ''Microstomus kitt'' (Walbaum, 1792)] en [//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/FishBase FishBase].</ref>
: <small>'''Nota''': Ver mapa de distribución en AquaMaps fuere Microstomus kitt (Native range), en la [[Enciclopedia de la vida|EOL]].</small>
; Nutrición
Se alimenta de pequeños [[Bentos|organismos bentónicos]]: [[Crustacea|crustáceos]], [[Gusano|vermes]] poliquetos, [[Echinodermata|ofiúras]] y [[Mollusca|moluscos]] ([[Polyplacophora|quitóns]] y [[Bivalvia|bivalvos]]), de los que semeja que los [[Polychaeta|poliquetos]] constituyen la base de su dieta. Segundo parece, no se alimentan en invierno.<ref>Flintegård, H. (1987): ''Fishes in the North Sea Museum's aquaria''. North Sea Museum, North Sea Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals. Hirtshals Bogtryk/Offset A/S.</ref>
; Reproducción
''Microstomus kitt'' alcanza la madurez sexual (los [[Masculino|machos]] primero) cuando mide entre los 23 y los 30 cm, cuando tiene de 3 a 6 años de edad. El desove se produce en zonas abrigadas, la profundidades de entre 50 y 150 m en la mayor parte de su [[Área biogeográfica|área de distribución.]] Los [[Huevo (biología)|huevos]] son [[Piélago|peláxicos]], y miden de 1 a 1,5 mm de diámetro. Cuando eclosionan dan lugar a [[Larva|larvas]], asimismo peláxiicas, de 4,5 a 5,5 mm de longitud. Las larvas permanecen en alta mar hasta que sufren la [[Metamorfosis (biología)|metamorfosis]] que las transforma en [[Pleuronectiformes|pescados planos]] cuando alcanzan entre 15 y 20 mm de longitud. Luego, bajan hacia el hondo en aguas relativamente profundas.
== Pesca y usos ==
=== Pesca ===
''Microstomus kitt'' [[Pesca|se pesca]] principalmente en invierno, mediante artes de [[Arrastrero|arrastre]], siendo una valiosa captura adicional en este tipo de pesca.
Las capturas de esta especie rondaban, en los años [[1990]], las 10.000 t. En [[2007]] la cuota total de captura de la [[Unión Europea]] (TAC) para ''Microstomus kitt'' y ''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus'' fue de 6.175 t, de las cuáles fueron cogidas 3.716 t, en su mayoría por [[Pesca|pescadores]] del [[Reino Unido|Reino Unido.]] En el año 2008 a TAC fue de 6.793 t y, en [[2008|2009]], de 6.793 t.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2MaqTPr ''Documents considered by the Committee on 21 January 2009''] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2) - European Scrutiny Committee. Hansard, 21 de xaneiro de 2009.</ref><ref>Barratt & Irwin (2008).</ref>
=== Usos ===
Se comercializa en fresco o conservado en hielo.
== Notas ==
[[Categoría:Animales descritos en 1904]]
[[Categoría:Pleuronectiformes]]
Se trata cómo todos los pescados de la familia de los pleuronéctidos tiene el cuerpo aplanado, [[Simetría bilateral|asimétrico]], y con los dos [[Ojo|ojos]] situados en el lado pigmentado del [[Cuerpo (anatomía)|cuerpo.]]
de un pescado [[mar]]<nowiki/>ino, [[demersal]], [[Migración animal|oceanódromo]], de grande importancia económica, que puede alcanzar hasta los 65 cm de longitud y los 3 kg de peso, que habita en aguas poco profundas de los mares del noroeste de [[Europa]], en hondos pedregosos de hasta profundidades de unos 200 m, y que si distribuye desde el [[mar Cantábrico]] y el [[golfo de Vizcaya]], por el sur, hasta los [[Mar de Barents|mares de Barents]] y [[Mar Blanco]], polo norte, incluyendo también las costas de [[Islandia]].
== Taxonomía ==
La especie fue descrita en [[1792]] lo pones [[médico]], [[naturalista]] y taxónomo [[Alemania|alemán]] [[Johann Julius Walbaum]], que le adjudicó el nombre de ''Pleuronectes kitt''.
=== Sinónimos ===
Además de lo pones nombre originario y por el actualmente válido, la especie se conoció también los pones [[Sinonimia (semántica)|sinónimos]]:
* ''Microstomus latidens'' Gottsche, 1835
* ''Platessa por la'' Cuvier, 1829
* ''Pleuronectes gilli'' Steindachner, 1868
* ''Pleuronectes laevis'' Shaw, 1803
* ''Pleuronectes microcephalus'' Donovan, 1803
=== Nota sobre los nombres vulgares gallegos ===
La bibliografía gallega disponible puede dar lugar a confusiones los nombres de esta especie y de ''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus''.Como venimos, Rodríguez Solórzano ''él'' at. denominan a ''Microstomus kitt'' cómo mendo, y Lahuerta y Vázquez, como ''mendo'' limón.Sin embargo, estos últimos autores dan el sinónimo mendo a Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, mientras que ambas autoridades designan la esta especie como coreano,Por otra parte hace falta decir que en el Gran diccionario ''Xerais'' ''de la lengua'', en su edición de 2009, define ''MENDO2'' cómo "pescado pleuronectiforme (''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus'') de cuerpo largo, con pintas circulares más pardas que el resto de la piel lo pones lomo y la aleta pectoral negra"; y el Diccionario Cumio de la lengua gallega, de 1999, también define mendo, en su 2ª acepción, como "pescado marino malacopterigio (''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus'') de forma plana semejante al lenguado", definición que se repite en el Gran diccionario ''Cumbre'' de la lengua gallega, de 2004, y más en el ''Gran diccionario'' siglo 21 ''de la lengua gallega'', de 2006, coediteado este último con [[Editorial Galaxia|Galaxia]].<ref name="LV">Lahuerta e Vázquez (2000), p. 81.</ref>Ninguno de los diccionarios de estas editoriales define ''coreano'' con el significado de [[Pez|pescado]].
== Características ==
Las principales características de ''Microstomus kitt'' son las siguientes:<ref name="M">Muus, Bent J. ''et al''. (1998), p. 270.</ref><ref name="MN">Muus, B. J. & J. G. Nielsen (1999): ''Sea fish. Scandinavian Fishing Year Book'', Hedehusene: Denmark.</ref><ref name="F">Frimodt, C. (1995): ''Multilingual illustrated guide to the world's commercial coldwater fish''. Oxford, England: Fishing News Books, Osney Mead.</ref>
* [[Cuerpo (anatomía)|Cuerpo]] ovalado, bastante más ancho que lo de otros [[Pleuronectiformes|pescados planos]], de hasta 65 cm y 3 kg de peso (aunque los espécímenes capturados raramente sobrepasan los 40 cm).
* [[Cabeza]] pequeña, con la [[boca]] asimismo pequeña.
* [[Piel]] y tacto áspero. A [[Color|coloración]] del lado pigmentado o superior es acastañada, con manchas más oscuras, y la del lado ciego es abrancazada.
* [[Línea lateral]] casi recta, con tan sólo una ligera curva por riba de la [[Aleta (zoología)|aleta pectoral]].
== Biología ==
=== Hábitat y distribución ===
; Hábitat
ES un pescado marino, [[demersal]], [[Migración animal|oceanódromo]], que vive en aguas poco profundas de los mares del noroeste de [[Europa]], sobre todo en hondos pedregosos a profundidades de entre los 10 y los 200 m (usualmente, de 10 a 150 m).<ref name="R">Riede, K. (2004): ''Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales''. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany.</ref><ref name="FAO">FAO-FIGIS (2001): "''Microstomus kitt''" en ''A world overview of species of interest to fisheries''. FIGIS Species Fact Sheets. Species Identification and Data Programme-SIDP, FAO-FIGIS.</ref>
; Distribución
Se encuentra entre los 72° N y los 43° N, y entre los 26° W y los 45° Y, desde el [[mar Cantábrico]] y el [[golfo de Vizcaya]], polo sur, hasta los [[Mar de Barents|mares de Barents]] y [[Mar Blanco|Blanco]], polo norte, incluyendo también las costas de [[Islandia]].<ref name="FB">`[http://bit.ly/2stYPxG ''Microstomus kitt'' (Walbaum, 1792)] en [//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/FishBase FishBase].</ref>
: <small>'''Nota''': Ver mapa de distribución en AquaMaps fuere Microstomus kitt (Native range), en la [[Enciclopedia de la vida|EOL]].</small>
; Nutrición
Se alimenta de pequeños [[Bentos|organismos bentónicos]]: [[Crustacea|crustáceos]], [[Gusano|vermes]] poliquetos, [[Echinodermata|ofiúras]] y [[Mollusca|moluscos]] ([[Polyplacophora|quitóns]] y [[Bivalvia|bivalvos]]), de los que semeja que los [[Polychaeta|poliquetos]] constituyen la base de su dieta. Segundo parece, no se alimentan en invierno.<ref>Flintegård, H. (1987): ''Fishes in the North Sea Museum's aquaria''. North Sea Museum, North Sea Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals. Hirtshals Bogtryk/Offset A/S.</ref>
; Reproducción
''Microstomus kitt'' alcanza la madurez sexual (los [[Masculino|machos]] primero) cuando mide entre los 23 y los 30 cm, cuando tiene de 3 a 6 años de edad. El desove se produce en zonas abrigadas, la profundidades de entre 50 y 150 m en la mayor parte de su [[Área biogeográfica|área de distribución.]] Los [[Huevo (biología)|huevos]] son [[Piélago|peláxicos]], y miden de 1 a 1,5 mm de diámetro. Cuando eclosionan dan lugar a [[Larva|larvas]], asimismo peláxiicas, de 4,5 a 5,5 mm de longitud. Las larvas permanecen en alta mar hasta que sufren la [[Metamorfosis (biología)|metamorfosis]] que las transforma en [[Pleuronectiformes|pescados planos]] cuando alcanzan entre 15 y 20 mm de longitud. Luego, bajan hacia el hondo en aguas relativamente profundas.
== Pesca y usos ==
=== Pesca ===
''Microstomus kitt'' [[Pesca|se pesca]] principalmente en invierno, mediante artes de [[Arrastrero|arrastre]], siendo una valiosa captura adicional en este tipo de pesca.
Las capturas de esta especie rondaban, en los años [[1990]], las 10.000 t. En [[2007]] la cuota total de captura de la [[Unión Europea]] (TAC) para ''Microstomus kitt'' y ''Glyptocephalus cynoglossus'' fue de 6.175 t, de las cuáles fueron cogidas 3.716 t, en su mayoría por [[Pesca|pescadores]] del [[Reino Unido|Reino Unido.]] En el año 2008 a TAC fue de 6.793 t y, en [[2008|2009]], de 6.793 t.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2MaqTPr ''Documents considered by the Committee on 21 January 2009''] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2) - European Scrutiny Committee. Hansard, 21 de xaneiro de 2009.</ref><ref>Barratt & Irwin (2008).</ref>
=== Usos ===
Se comercializa en fresco o conservado en hielo.
== Notas ==
[[Categoría:Animales descritos en 1904]]
[[Categoría:Pleuronectiformes]]
http://bit.ly/2stYRpi
意味調べるПетер Грёнланд
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 11:56PM
【外部リンク】
Петер Грёнланд
Андрей Романенко: Андрей Романенко переименовал страницу Петер Грёнланд в Грёнланд, Петер
'''Петер Грёнланд''' (, первоначально ; , — , ) — датский музыкант.
В 1782—1785 гг. изучал право в [[Кильский университет|Кильском университете]], после чего отправился в Копенгаген для работы в Германской канцелярии — государственном органе Датского королевства, управлявшем делами входивших в его состав немецких герцогств [[Гольштейн-Глюкштадт|Гольштейн]] и [[Шлезвиг]]. Занимал должность копииста, затем секретаря, затем архивариуса. В 1794—1810 гг. управляющий [[Royal Copenhagen|Королевской фарфоровой мануфактуры]]. С 1801 г. коммерции советник, в 1803—1816 гг. один из управляющих королевской сокровищницей.
Наибольшее значение, однако, имела деятельность Грёнланда как музыканта. Ему принадлежит значительное количество вокальных сочинений, многие из них (не менее 50) на стихи [[И. В. Гёте]]; некоторые песни и романсы Грёнланда основаны на скандинавском музыкальном фольклоре. Грёнланд выступал как музыкальный критик в датской и германской периодике (в том числе в журнале [[Крамер, Карл Фридрих|К. Ф. Крамера]] ''Magazin der Musik''), пропагандировал произведения [[И. С. Бах]]а и [[Гендель, Георг Фридрих|Г. Ф. Генделя]]. Наряду с [[Шульц, Иоганн Абрахам Петер|И. А. П. Шульцем]] он был покровителем и в какой-то мере наставником [[Вейсе, Кристоф Эрнст Фридрих|Кристофа Фридриха Вейсе]]. Ценные книги и ноты из собрания Грёнланда через коллекцию Вейсе попали в [[Королевская библиотека Дании|Королевскую библиотеку Дании]].
Брат, Йохан Фридрих Грёнланд, работал органистом в [[Альтона|Альтоне]] и Копенгагене. Его сын — художник [[Тойде Грёнланд]].
== Ссылки ==
* [[Брика, Карл Фредерик|C. F. Bricka]]. [http://bit.ly/2QN38h3 Grønland, Peter] // ''Dansk biografisk Lexikon''. — VI. Bind. Gerson — H. Hansen. — Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag (F. Hegel & Søn), 1892. — P. 268—269.
[[Категория:Композиторы Дании]]
[[Категория:Академические музыканты Дании]]
В 1782—1785 гг. изучал право в [[Кильский университет|Кильском университете]], после чего отправился в Копенгаген для работы в Германской канцелярии — государственном органе Датского королевства, управлявшем делами входивших в его состав немецких герцогств [[Гольштейн-Глюкштадт|Гольштейн]] и [[Шлезвиг]]. Занимал должность копииста, затем секретаря, затем архивариуса. В 1794—1810 гг. управляющий [[Royal Copenhagen|Королевской фарфоровой мануфактуры]]. С 1801 г. коммерции советник, в 1803—1816 гг. один из управляющих королевской сокровищницей.
Наибольшее значение, однако, имела деятельность Грёнланда как музыканта. Ему принадлежит значительное количество вокальных сочинений, многие из них (не менее 50) на стихи [[И. В. Гёте]]; некоторые песни и романсы Грёнланда основаны на скандинавском музыкальном фольклоре. Грёнланд выступал как музыкальный критик в датской и германской периодике (в том числе в журнале [[Крамер, Карл Фридрих|К. Ф. Крамера]] ''Magazin der Musik''), пропагандировал произведения [[И. С. Бах]]а и [[Гендель, Георг Фридрих|Г. Ф. Генделя]]. Наряду с [[Шульц, Иоганн Абрахам Петер|И. А. П. Шульцем]] он был покровителем и в какой-то мере наставником [[Вейсе, Кристоф Эрнст Фридрих|Кристофа Фридриха Вейсе]]. Ценные книги и ноты из собрания Грёнланда через коллекцию Вейсе попали в [[Королевская библиотека Дании|Королевскую библиотеку Дании]].
Брат, Йохан Фридрих Грёнланд, работал органистом в [[Альтона|Альтоне]] и Копенгагене. Его сын — художник [[Тойде Грёнланд]].
== Ссылки ==
* [[Брика, Карл Фредерик|C. F. Bricka]]. [http://bit.ly/2QN38h3 Grønland, Peter] // ''Dansk biografisk Lexikon''. — VI. Bind. Gerson — H. Hansen. — Kjøbenhavn: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag (F. Hegel & Søn), 1892. — P. 268—269.
[[Категория:Композиторы Дании]]
[[Категория:Академические музыканты Дании]]
http://bit.ly/2VWmhAQ
Felicia (tango)
新規更新されました。 January 15, 2019 at 11:38PM
【外部リンク】
Felicia (tango)
http://bit.ly/2TPFMt2
2019年1月15日火曜日
París-Tours 1956
新規更新されました。 January 15, 2019 at 09:47PM
【外部リンク】
París-Tours 1956
http://bit.ly/2sBK2B7
意味調べるГитторф, Жак Иньяс
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 09:22PM
【外部リンク】
Гитторф, Жак Иньяс
Lumaca: ← Новая страница: « '''Жак Иньяс Гитторф''' (), при рождении '''Якоб Игн...»
'''Жак Иньяс Гитторф''' (), при рождении '''Якоб Игнац Гитторф''' () — французский [[архитектор]] немецкого происхождения, [[археолог]], историк архитектуры.
== Биография ==
Родился в [[Кёльн]]е 20 августа 1792 года. С юности готовился к профессии архитектора<ref name="Universalis"></ref>. Поскольку Кёльн в то время принадлежал Франции, в 1810 году Гитторф воспользовался своим правом французского гражданина и переехал в [[Париж]]. Там он поступил в [[Национальная высшая школа изящных искусств|Национальную высшую школу изящных искусств]], где учился у [[Персье, Шарль|Шарля Персье]]<ref name="Universalis" />. Однако в 1814 году, после [[Венский конгресс|Венского конгресса]], согласно которому Кёльн отошёл [[Пруссия|Пруссии]], Гитторф уже не мог продолжать обучение и готовиться к конкурсу на престижную [[Римская премия|Римскую премию]]. Однако благодаря протекции архитектора , под руководством которого Гитторф выполнял свои первые работы, он смог заниматься оформлением придворных церемоний и празднеств<ref name="Universalis" />.
В 1822 году Гитторф осуществил свою давнюю мечту: путешествие в [[Италия|Италию]]. Он пробыл там два года, посетил, в частности, [[Рим]] и [[Сицилия|Сицилию]], и сделал важное открытие о [[Полихромия|полихромии]] античной архитектуры. В статье, посвящённой этой теме, он первым опубликовал реконструкцию древнегреческого храма с восстановленными цветами настенных росписей и скульптур<ref name="Grummond"></ref>.
Вернувшись во Францию, Гитторф становится одним из ведущих архитекторов Парижа<ref name="Larousse"></ref>. В 1830 году он участвует в основании Свободного общества изящных искусств; в 1831 году Гитторфа избирают его президентом. В 1842 году Гитторф вновь обретает французское гражданство, а в 1853 становится членом [[Академия изящных искусств (Франция)|Академии изящных искусств]].
Умер 25 марта 1867 года; похоронен на [[кладбище Монмартр]].
== Основные работы и критика ==
Архитектурное наследие Гитторфа в Париже весьма велико. Одной из его первых значительных работ стала [[Церковь Святого Викентия де Поля (Париж)|церковь Святого Викентия де Поля]], над которой он работал совместно с Жаном-Батистом Лепером. В 1827 году построил здание театра Амбигю-комик (несохранившееся). С 1833 по 1854 год работал над оформлением [[Площадь Согласия|площади Согласия]], которую украсил фонтанами и фонарями в виде [[Ростральная колонна|ростральных колонн]]<ref name="Grummond" />. В эти же годы Гитторф создал фонтаны, фонари и ряд построек на [[Елисейские поля|Елисейских полях]], в том числе несохранившиеся Летний цирк и ротонду<ref name="Grummond" />. С 1850 по 1851 год работал над зданием . В 1850-х годах принимал участие в [[Османизация Парижа|османизации Парижа]]; проектировал новое оформление [[площадь Звезды|площади Звезды]]. С 1855 по 1865 год строил здание мэрии [[I округ Парижа|I округа Парижа]]; с 1861 по 1864 год — [[Северный вокзал (Париж)|Северный вокзал]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
File:Saint-Vincent-de-Paul-Paris.jpg|[[Церковь Святого Викентия де Поля (Париж)|Церковь Святого Викентия де Поля]]
File:Paris Concorde Réverbère 4.jpg|Фонарь на [[Площадь Согласия|площади Согласия]]
File:Paris 11 - Cirque d'hiver (1).jpg|Зимний цирк
File:Mairie de Paris I.jpg|Мэрия I округа Парижа
File:Paris gare du nord 4 bis.JPG|[[Северный вокзал (Париж)|Северный вокзал]]
</gallery>
Архитектурный стиль Гитторфа характеризуется как рациональный и эклектичный<ref name="Larousse" />. Известный в первую очередь как архитектор, Гитторф также был влиятельной фигурой в области истории искусств. Он активно участвовал в дискуссиях того времени, переводил (преимущественно с английского) труды по археологии, был популяризатором и критиком искусства. Гитторф также опубликовал ряд собственных работ, в частности, о древней и современной архитектуре Сицилии. Наибольшее значение имеет его теория о полихромии в античной архитектуре, которую он последовательно аргументировал и развивал в ряде публикаций. Она не только внесла существенный вклад в европейскую археологию XIX века, но и способствовала популяризации полихромии в современной Гитторфу архитектуре.
== Примечания ==
== Ссылки ==
*
[[Категория:Архитекторы Франции XIX века]]
[[Категория:Архитекторы Парижа]]
[[Категория:Выпускники Национальной высшей школы изящных искусств]]
[[Категория:Похороненные на кладбище Монмартр]]
http://bit.ly/2FrxYuw
意味調べるИгры Содружества 2022
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 09:18PM
【外部リンク】
Игры Содружества 2022
Ping08Bot: Бот: добавил отсутствующий тег <references />
'''Игры Содружества 2022 года''' (официально - XXII Игры Содружества, также часто упоминаются как Бирмингем 2022) — спортивное мероприятие для государств-членов [[Содружество наций|Содружества]], которое планируется провести в [[Бирмингем|Бирмингеме]]. Игры Содружества 2022 года станут третьими, которые принимает Англия.
Ожидается, что Игры состоятся летом: с 27 июля по 7 августа 2022 года. Бирмингем был объявлен принимающим городом на пресс-конференции в Бирмингеме 21 декабря 2017 года. Эта пресс-конференция проходила на ''Arena Academy.''<ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
== Выбор принимающего города ==
=== Первые кандидаты ===
Сначала желание принять Игры Содружества изъявили [[Дурбан]] ([[Южно-Африканская Республика|Южная Африка]]) и [[Эдмонтон]] ([[Канада]], провинция Альберта). Эдмонтон отозвал свою заявку в феврале 2015 года, таким образом, заявка Дурбана стала единственной заявкой. <ref name="euronews.com">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Так как Дурбан был единственным городом, желающим провести соревнования, он был выбран. Также было известно, что ранее Дурбан подавал заявки на проведение [[Летние Олимпийские игры 2024|летних Олимпийских игр]] [[Летние Олимпийские игры 2020|2020]] или [[Летние Олимпийские игры 2024|2024 года]] .
==== Отмена Игр в Дурбане ====
В феврале 2017 года СМИ сообщали, что [[Дурбан]], возможно, не примет игры из-за финансовых проблем.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Эти сообщения были официально подтверждены через месяц: 13 марта 2017 года Федерация Игр Содружества лишила Дурбан права проведения. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Это мог бы быть первый раз, когда игры проводились в [[Африка|Африке]], однако соревнования не состоялись и были перенесены. Согласно графику, игры в Дурбане должны были открыться 18 июля 2022 года, в день рождения покойного президента Южной Африки [[Мандела, Нельсон|Нельсона Манделы]].<ref></ref>
=== Выбор нового принимающего города ===
Процесс подачи заявок был запущен снова, [[Ливерпуль]] и [[Бирмингем]] выразили свою заинтересованность в проведении игр.<ref name="Liverpool-Birmingham">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> 14 марта 2017 года [[Манчестер]], который ранее принимал Игры Содружества 2002 года, также захотел принять игры. <ref name="Manchester">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> В сентябре 2017 года Бирмингем выиграл у Ливерпуля право проведения игр.<ref></ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Тем не менее, было объявлено, что заявка Бирмингема не полностью соответствует требованиям, и процесс подачи заявок был продлен до 30 ноября 2017 года.<ref name="bbc.co.uk">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> У федерации было 170 вопросов, касающихся заявки Бирмингема. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
==== Бирмингем становится городом проведения ====
21 декабря 2017 года Бирмингем получил право провести Игры Содружества.<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Луиза Мартин, президент Федерации Игр Содружества, сделала официальное заявление об этом на пресс-конференции в Бирмингеме. <ref name=":1">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Результаты
|-
!Города
! Страна
! Голосов
|-
| '''[[Бирмингем]]'''
|Англия
| align="center" | Выбран единодушно
|}
== Стадионы ==
В Бирмингеме находится множество спортивных площадок, арен и конференц-залов, которые идеально подходят для проведения соревнований во время Игр. 95% стадионов уже готовы к Играм. <ref name=":02"></ref> Стадион «Александр», на котором планируется провести церемонии открытия и закрытия Игр и соревнования по легкой атлетике, планируется улучшить так, чтобы вместимость увеличилась до 50 000 мест. Также хотят построить 400-метровую беговую дорожку (для разминочного бега).
Если эти улучшения будут выполнены, то здесь сможет разместиться ''UK Athletics,'' также тут будут проходить важные национальные и международные соревнования. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
[[Файл:Genting_Arena.jpg|мини| Стадион Resorts World Arena ]]
[[Файл:Symphony_Hall_Birmingham.jpg|мини| Симфонический зал (''Symphony Hall'') ]]
[[Файл:2012_Community_Shield.JPG|мини| [[Вилла Парк]] ]]
=== Стадионы в Бирмингеме и районе Уэст-Мидлендс ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Стадион
!Вид спорта
! Вместимость стадиона
! Статус
|-
| Стадион Alexander
| Церемонии открытия и закрытия
Легкая атлетика
| 40000
| Нужно обновить
|-
| Национальный выставочный центр
| Бокс
Дзюдо
Настольный теннис
Вольная борьба
| 5000
| Готов принять соревнования
|-
|-
| Арена Resorts World
| Бадминтон
| 15000
| Готова принять соревнования
|-
| Арена Birmingham
| Художественная и спортивная гимнастика
| 15000
| Готова принять соревнования
|-
| Симфонический зал (''Symphony Hall'')
| Тяжелая атлетика
| 2200
| Готов принять соревнования
|-
| [[Бирмингемский университет]]
| Сквош
Хоккей
| 5000
| Готов принять соревнования
|-
| Центр водных видов спорта Sandwell
| Плавание
[[Дайвинг]]
| 5000
| Новый стадион
|-
| Стадион [[Вилла Парк]]
| Регби-7
| 42000
| Готов принять соревнования
|-
| Площадь Виктории<ref></ref>
| Баскетбол 3х3
| 3000
| Готова принять соревнования
|-
| Крытая арена Ericsson, Coventry
| Нетбол
| 7000
| Готова принять соревнования
|-
| Victoria Park, Leamington Spa
| Игра в [[Игра в боулз|боулз]]
| 2000
| Готов принять соревнования
|-
| Поле для крикета Edgbaston
| Крикет
| 25000
| Готово принять соревнования
|}
=== Места за пределами Уэст-Мидлендс ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Место проведения
!Вид спорта
! Вместимость стадиона
! Статус
|-
| [[Велопарк Ли Вэлли|Велопарк Lee Valley, Лондон]]
| [[Трековый велоспорт|Велоспорт (трековый)]]
| 6000
| Готов принять соревнования
|}
== Виды спорта ==
22 декабря 2017 года в [[Би-би-си|BBC]] появилось сообщение о том, что организаторы игр в настоящее время ведут переговоры с [[Международный совет крикета|Международным советом крикета]] о включении в программу женского крикета. Также сообщалось, что стрельба, скорее всего, будет исключена из игр, так как рядом с Бирмингемом нет зданий, где можно было бы проводить соревнования. Стрельба была включена во все предыдующие Игры Содружества до 1970 года.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Удаление стрельбы из программы соревнований было подтверждено генеральным директором Федерации Игр Содружества Дэвидом Гревембергом в январе 2018 года. <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> <ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> В ноябре 2018 года ICC подтвердил, что он действительно подал заявку на включение женского крикета в программу Игр. <ref></ref>
'''Виды спорта'''
Водные:
* [[Дайвинг]] (10 комплектов медалей)
* [[Плавание]] (50)
Остальные:
* [[Лёгкая атлетика]] (58)
* [[Бадминтон]] (6)
* [[Баскетбол]] (2)
* [[Бокс]] (16)
* [[Велосипедный спорт|Велоспорт]] (2 — горный велоспорт, 4 — шоссейный, 20 — трековый)
* [[Гимнастика]] (14 — спортивная, 6 — художественная)
* [[Дзюдо]]
* [[Хоккей]] (2)
* [[Игра в боулз|Боулз]] (10)
* [[Нетбол]] (1)
* [[Регби-7]] (2)
* [[Сквош]] (5)
* [[Настольный теннис]] (9)
* [[Триатлон]] (5)
* [[Тяжёлая атлетика|Тяжелая атлетика]] (16)
* [[Пауэрлифтинг]] (4)
*[[Борьба]] (12)
== Примечания ==
<references group=""></references>
== Внешние ссылки ==
* [http://bit.ly/2Fuzf42 Игры Содружества 2022]
{| class="wikitable succession-box" id="299" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"
| rowspan="1" id="302" style="width:30%;" | '''Предыдущие Игры:'''
<span style="font-weight: bold">[[Игры Содружества 2018|Голд-Кост 2018]]</span>
| rowspan="1" id="305" style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" | '''XXII Игры Содружества (2022)'''
'''[[Бирмингем]] - принимающий город.'''
| rowspan="1" id="307" style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" | '''Следующие Игры:'''<br /> <span style="font-weight: bold">Игры Содружества 2026</span>
(город будет определён позже)
|}
[[Категория:Спорт в Бирмингеме]]
[[Категория:Игры Содружества]]
[[Категория:Страницы с непроверенными переводами]]
http://bit.ly/2FEciL9
意味調べるAmphidromus naggsi
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 08:48PM
【外部リンク】
Amphidromus naggsi
Shellwood:
'''''Amphidromus naggsi''''' is a [[species]] of large-sized air-breathing [[tree snail]], an arboreal [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]] in the family [[Camaenidae]].<ref name=":0">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref>
== Habitat ==
Ground dwellers, living among litter around trees.<ref name=":0" />
== Distribution ==
The type locality of this species is [[Lâm Đồng Province|Lâm Đồng]] Province, [[Vietnam]].<ref name=":0" />
== Etymology ==
This species is named after Prof. Fred Naggs from [[United Kingdom|U.K]].
== References ==
<br />
== Habitat ==
Ground dwellers, living among litter around trees.<ref name=":0" />
== Distribution ==
The type locality of this species is [[Lâm Đồng Province|Lâm Đồng]] Province, [[Vietnam]].<ref name=":0" />
== Etymology ==
This species is named after Prof. Fred Naggs from [[United Kingdom|U.K]].
== References ==
<br />
http://bit.ly/2McrBvN
Integration der fünf Dimensionen
新規更新されました。 January 15, 2019 at 06:58PM
【外部リンク】
Integration der fünf Dimensionen
http://bit.ly/2SVnFlA
意味調べるParfümerie Douglas
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 03:52PM
【外部リンク】
Parfümerie Douglas
Grueslayer: ←Created page with 'The '''Parfümerie Douglas''' is an internationally operating perfumery chain. Its headquarters are located in Düsseldorf, Germany. Parfümerie Douglas...'
The '''Parfümerie Douglas''' is an internationally operating perfumery chain. Its headquarters are located in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]]. Parfümerie Douglas was part of the [[Douglas Holding]], but since 1 June 2015, 85 percent belong to the financial investor [[CVC Capital Partners]] and 15 percent to the Kreke family.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The first perfumery to carry the name "Parfümerie Douglas" opened in [[Hamburg]] in 1910. With more than 2,400 perfumeries in 21 countries and turnover of roughly 3.3 billion Euros (fiscal year 2017/18)<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Douglas is the market leader in [[Europe]].
== History ==
The name of the company can be traced back to the Scottish [[soap]] [[manufacturer]] John Sharp Douglas.<ref name=":1"></ref> He came from a small village near [[Glasgow]] and on 5 January 1821, he founded a soap factory in Hamburg's warehouse district.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The factory was soon included to the "Hamburger Address Book" as "J.S. Douglas, Engl. Soap factory, Kehrweider, Herbst Hof".<ref></ref> On 5 November 1828, Hamburg granted John Sharp Douglas citizenship as number 663 of the Civil Protocol. Two years later, on 23 July 1830, Douglas married the mother of his six children, Johanna Catharina Francisca Becker.
Douglas's soap products, such as the Coconut Oil Soda Soap developed in 1830<ref name=":0"></ref> and the Chinese Heavenly Soap introduced around 1840 quickly turned into success. Thanks to modern manufacturing processes, Douglas benefited from greater production efficency. Soap became a much more affordable product to a wider range of the public and bathing became a normal thing to do.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Douglas died in 1847 and his his sons Thomas and Alexander took over the business under the name "J.S. Douglas Sons".<ref name=":0" /> In 1851, they presented their soap products at the first World Fair in [[London]], where the "Chinese Heavenly Soap" was honored with a medal.<ref></ref> In the same year, the brothers developed their "Egyptian Toilette Soap".
In September 1878, Thomas and Alexander Douglas separated as business partners and sold the company to merchants Gustav Adolph Heinrich Runge and Johan Adolph Kolbe.<ref name=":0" /> The new owners kept the comapny's name "J.S. Douglas Sons"<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and expanded the assortment to leather goods, travel utensils and fashion items, which they called "Fantasy Products". In 1888, Gustav Adolph Kolbe took over the position of his deceased father, Johann Adolph, and two years later became the sole owner of the company. By proxy in 1909, he handed responsibility of the soap factory to his wife Berta.
=== The first Douglas Perfumeries ===
Berta Kolbe was the first woman to take over the management of J.S Douglas Sons. She received a business offer from Anna and Maria Carstens: the sisters wanted to open their own perfumery under the established name of "Douglas" to "establish and operate a business in soaps, perfumery products, and toiletries in Hamburg."<ref name=":1" /> And so, on 24 May 1910, the first "Parfümerie Douglas" opened on Hamburg's shopping street [[Neuer Wall]], and even exists today.<ref name=":0" />
In 1929, the Carsten sisters passed the business on to their goddaughters Hertha and Lucie and their father, German artist Johannes Harders. As of 1931, the company was called "Parfümerie Douglas Harders & Co." and thus, reflected the new ownership structure. In 1936, the family hired Erhard Hunger to run the business. He reduced the soap business and expanded the assortment to premium brand products like [[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.|Elizabeth Arden]]. By 1969, Erhard Hunger had expanded Douglas to six stores in Hamburg.
=== From perfumery to corporation ===
In 1969, the six Douglas perfumeries were taken over by the then listed Hussel AG.<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Under the management of Hussel's chief executive at the time, John Kreke, Hussel AG fueled the expansion of the perfumery through more takeovers and store openings. These were initially consolidated under the name Hanhausen-Douglas GmbH. In the course of this development, Hussel AG was restructured into a holding group with two operating companies: one for confectionery and one for perfumeries. In 1973, Hanhausen-Douglas took over the Austrian chain Ruttner. As of 1976, all perfumery stores eventually operated under the name "Parfümerie Douglas" and the associated company under the name "Parfümerie Douglas GmbH".
=== Growth in Europe ===
During the 1980's, the Parfümerie Douglas GmbH expanded to the [[Netherlands]], [[France]], [[Italy]] and the [[United States]]. And, Douglas continued to expand in Germany, for example through the acquisition of "Er & Sie" perfumeries. Based on this development in the perfumery business, an organizational restructuring took place that ended in 1989 with the founding of the Douglas Holding AG to replace the Hussel Holding AG.<ref></ref>
After the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], Douglas opened stores in eastern Germany in the 90's and expanded into [[Switzerland]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]. Since the start of the new millennium, Douglas has expanded to [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Monaco]], [[Slovakia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Estonia]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Turkey]], [[Denmark]] and [[Croatia]].<ref name=":2" /> Next to stationary retail, Douglas has also been selling its products via its own online shop since 2000.
At the annual general meeting in June 2001, Dr. Jörn Kreke handed over the chairmanship of the Douglas Holding to his son Dr. Henning Kreke after 32 years in the top position.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Due in part to the economic crisis and a low market share, the company withdrew from Slovakia, Estonia and Denmark in 2009/10 as well as from the American market.
=== Takeover by financial investor ===
In 2012, the Kreke family, together with the private equity investor Advent International, made a public takeover offer to the remaining shareholders of the listed parent company of the Douglas Group, Douglas Holding AG, which at that time also included the companies Thalia, Christ, AppelrathCüpper and Hussel.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> After the successful takeover in 2013, Douglas delisted from the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt stock exchange]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> This marked the beginning of the conglomerate's reorientation, which went back to being purely a perfumery chain in 2014.
After that, Douglas continued to grow internationally and acquired the French perfumery chain Nocibé.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
=== Change of ownership and strategic realignment ===
At first, a renewed stock market launch for the Parfümerie Douglas Deutschland was planned for 2015.<ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> However, on 1 June 2015, 85 percent of the company was sold to financial investor CVC Capital Partners with the Kreke family still holding a minority share of 15 percent.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Then, manager Isabelle Parize took over as CEO of Douglas in February 2016<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and the headquarters was moved in October from [[Hagen]] to Düsseldorf.<ref name=":3" /> According to Douglas, the company wanted all customer-oriented departments and the online activities from Cologne to be concentrated in one place.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> In the same year, the company withdrew from Turkey due to a small market share.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
In July 2017, Douglas completed a transaction to acquire the Spanish perfumery chain Bodybell.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref> In November, the company also completed transactions to acquire the Spanish chain Perfumerías If<ref></ref> and the Italian perfumery chains Limoni and La Gardenia.
In November 2017, Tina Müller took over as the Group CEO of Douglas.<ref></ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Retail companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1910]]
[[Category:Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:German brands]]
== History ==
The name of the company can be traced back to the Scottish [[soap]] [[manufacturer]] John Sharp Douglas.<ref name=":1"></ref> He came from a small village near [[Glasgow]] and on 5 January 1821, he founded a soap factory in Hamburg's warehouse district.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The factory was soon included to the "Hamburger Address Book" as "J.S. Douglas, Engl. Soap factory, Kehrweider, Herbst Hof".<ref></ref> On 5 November 1828, Hamburg granted John Sharp Douglas citizenship as number 663 of the Civil Protocol. Two years later, on 23 July 1830, Douglas married the mother of his six children, Johanna Catharina Francisca Becker.
Douglas's soap products, such as the Coconut Oil Soda Soap developed in 1830<ref name=":0"></ref> and the Chinese Heavenly Soap introduced around 1840 quickly turned into success. Thanks to modern manufacturing processes, Douglas benefited from greater production efficency. Soap became a much more affordable product to a wider range of the public and bathing became a normal thing to do.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Douglas died in 1847 and his his sons Thomas and Alexander took over the business under the name "J.S. Douglas Sons".<ref name=":0" /> In 1851, they presented their soap products at the first World Fair in [[London]], where the "Chinese Heavenly Soap" was honored with a medal.<ref></ref> In the same year, the brothers developed their "Egyptian Toilette Soap".
In September 1878, Thomas and Alexander Douglas separated as business partners and sold the company to merchants Gustav Adolph Heinrich Runge and Johan Adolph Kolbe.<ref name=":0" /> The new owners kept the comapny's name "J.S. Douglas Sons"<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and expanded the assortment to leather goods, travel utensils and fashion items, which they called "Fantasy Products". In 1888, Gustav Adolph Kolbe took over the position of his deceased father, Johann Adolph, and two years later became the sole owner of the company. By proxy in 1909, he handed responsibility of the soap factory to his wife Berta.
=== The first Douglas Perfumeries ===
Berta Kolbe was the first woman to take over the management of J.S Douglas Sons. She received a business offer from Anna and Maria Carstens: the sisters wanted to open their own perfumery under the established name of "Douglas" to "establish and operate a business in soaps, perfumery products, and toiletries in Hamburg."<ref name=":1" /> And so, on 24 May 1910, the first "Parfümerie Douglas" opened on Hamburg's shopping street [[Neuer Wall]], and even exists today.<ref name=":0" />
In 1929, the Carsten sisters passed the business on to their goddaughters Hertha and Lucie and their father, German artist Johannes Harders. As of 1931, the company was called "Parfümerie Douglas Harders & Co." and thus, reflected the new ownership structure. In 1936, the family hired Erhard Hunger to run the business. He reduced the soap business and expanded the assortment to premium brand products like [[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.|Elizabeth Arden]]. By 1969, Erhard Hunger had expanded Douglas to six stores in Hamburg.
=== From perfumery to corporation ===
In 1969, the six Douglas perfumeries were taken over by the then listed Hussel AG.<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Under the management of Hussel's chief executive at the time, John Kreke, Hussel AG fueled the expansion of the perfumery through more takeovers and store openings. These were initially consolidated under the name Hanhausen-Douglas GmbH. In the course of this development, Hussel AG was restructured into a holding group with two operating companies: one for confectionery and one for perfumeries. In 1973, Hanhausen-Douglas took over the Austrian chain Ruttner. As of 1976, all perfumery stores eventually operated under the name "Parfümerie Douglas" and the associated company under the name "Parfümerie Douglas GmbH".
=== Growth in Europe ===
During the 1980's, the Parfümerie Douglas GmbH expanded to the [[Netherlands]], [[France]], [[Italy]] and the [[United States]]. And, Douglas continued to expand in Germany, for example through the acquisition of "Er & Sie" perfumeries. Based on this development in the perfumery business, an organizational restructuring took place that ended in 1989 with the founding of the Douglas Holding AG to replace the Hussel Holding AG.<ref></ref>
After the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], Douglas opened stores in eastern Germany in the 90's and expanded into [[Switzerland]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]. Since the start of the new millennium, Douglas has expanded to [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Monaco]], [[Slovakia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Estonia]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Turkey]], [[Denmark]] and [[Croatia]].<ref name=":2" /> Next to stationary retail, Douglas has also been selling its products via its own online shop since 2000.
At the annual general meeting in June 2001, Dr. Jörn Kreke handed over the chairmanship of the Douglas Holding to his son Dr. Henning Kreke after 32 years in the top position.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Due in part to the economic crisis and a low market share, the company withdrew from Slovakia, Estonia and Denmark in 2009/10 as well as from the American market.
=== Takeover by financial investor ===
In 2012, the Kreke family, together with the private equity investor Advent International, made a public takeover offer to the remaining shareholders of the listed parent company of the Douglas Group, Douglas Holding AG, which at that time also included the companies Thalia, Christ, AppelrathCüpper and Hussel.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> After the successful takeover in 2013, Douglas delisted from the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt stock exchange]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> This marked the beginning of the conglomerate's reorientation, which went back to being purely a perfumery chain in 2014.
After that, Douglas continued to grow internationally and acquired the French perfumery chain Nocibé.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
=== Change of ownership and strategic realignment ===
At first, a renewed stock market launch for the Parfümerie Douglas Deutschland was planned for 2015.<ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> However, on 1 June 2015, 85 percent of the company was sold to financial investor CVC Capital Partners with the Kreke family still holding a minority share of 15 percent.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Then, manager Isabelle Parize took over as CEO of Douglas in February 2016<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and the headquarters was moved in October from [[Hagen]] to Düsseldorf.<ref name=":3" /> According to Douglas, the company wanted all customer-oriented departments and the online activities from Cologne to be concentrated in one place.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> In the same year, the company withdrew from Turkey due to a small market share.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
In July 2017, Douglas completed a transaction to acquire the Spanish perfumery chain Bodybell.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref> In November, the company also completed transactions to acquire the Spanish chain Perfumerías If<ref></ref> and the Italian perfumery chains Limoni and La Gardenia.
In November 2017, Tina Müller took over as the Group CEO of Douglas.<ref></ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Retail companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1910]]
[[Category:Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:German brands]]
http://bit.ly/2TOnB7d
Silvana Santaella
新規更新されました。 January 15, 2019 at 03:22PM
【外部リンク】
Silvana Santaella
http://bit.ly/2D9nuh4
意味調べるParfümerie Douglas
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 03:52PM
【外部リンク】
Parfümerie Douglas
Grueslayer: ←Created page with 'The '''Parfümerie Douglas''' is an internationally operating perfumery chain. Its headquarters are located in Düsseldorf, Germany. Parfümerie Douglas...'
The '''Parfümerie Douglas''' is an internationally operating perfumery chain. Its headquarters are located in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]]. Parfümerie Douglas was part of the [[Douglas Holding]], but since 1 June 2015, 85 percent belong to the financial investor [[CVC Capital Partners]] and 15 percent to the Kreke family.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The first perfumery to carry the name "Parfümerie Douglas" opened in [[Hamburg]] in 1910. With more than 2,400 perfumeries in 21 countries and turnover of roughly 3.3 billion Euros (fiscal year 2017/18)<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Douglas is the market leader in [[Europe]].
== History ==
The name of the company can be traced back to the Scottish [[soap]] [[manufacturer]] John Sharp Douglas.<ref name=":1"></ref> He came from a small village near [[Glasgow]] and on 5 January 1821, he founded a soap factory in Hamburg's warehouse district.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The factory was soon included to the "Hamburger Address Book" as "J.S. Douglas, Engl. Soap factory, Kehrweider, Herbst Hof".<ref></ref> On 5 November 1828, Hamburg granted John Sharp Douglas citizenship as number 663 of the Civil Protocol. Two years later, on 23 July 1830, Douglas married the mother of his six children, Johanna Catharina Francisca Becker.
Douglas's soap products, such as the Coconut Oil Soda Soap developed in 1830<ref name=":0"></ref> and the Chinese Heavenly Soap introduced around 1840 quickly turned into success. Thanks to modern manufacturing processes, Douglas benefited from greater production efficency. Soap became a much more affordable product to a wider range of the public and bathing became a normal thing to do.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Douglas died in 1847 and his his sons Thomas and Alexander took over the business under the name "J.S. Douglas Sons".<ref name=":0" /> In 1851, they presented their soap products at the first World Fair in [[London]], where the "Chinese Heavenly Soap" was honored with a medal.<ref></ref> In the same year, the brothers developed their "Egyptian Toilette Soap".
In September 1878, Thomas and Alexander Douglas separated as business partners and sold the company to merchants Gustav Adolph Heinrich Runge and Johan Adolph Kolbe.<ref name=":0" /> The new owners kept the comapny's name "J.S. Douglas Sons"<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and expanded the assortment to leather goods, travel utensils and fashion items, which they called "Fantasy Products". In 1888, Gustav Adolph Kolbe took over the position of his deceased father, Johann Adolph, and two years later became the sole owner of the company. By proxy in 1909, he handed responsibility of the soap factory to his wife Berta.
=== The first Douglas Perfumeries ===
Berta Kolbe was the first woman to take over the management of J.S Douglas Sons. She received a business offer from Anna and Maria Carstens: the sisters wanted to open their own perfumery under the established name of "Douglas" to "establish and operate a business in soaps, perfumery products, and toiletries in Hamburg."<ref name=":1" /> And so, on 24 May 1910, the first "Parfümerie Douglas" opened on Hamburg's shopping street [[Neuer Wall]], and even exists today.<ref name=":0" />
In 1929, the Carsten sisters passed the business on to their goddaughters Hertha and Lucie and their father, German artist Johannes Harders. As of 1931, the company was called "Parfümerie Douglas Harders & Co." and thus, reflected the new ownership structure. In 1936, the family hired Erhard Hunger to run the business. He reduced the soap business and expanded the assortment to premium brand products like [[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.|Elizabeth Arden]]. By 1969, Erhard Hunger had expanded Douglas to six stores in Hamburg.
=== From perfumery to corporation ===
In 1969, the six Douglas perfumeries were taken over by the then listed Hussel AG.<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Under the management of Hussel's chief executive at the time, John Kreke, Hussel AG fueled the expansion of the perfumery through more takeovers and store openings. These were initially consolidated under the name Hanhausen-Douglas GmbH. In the course of this development, Hussel AG was restructured into a holding group with two operating companies: one for confectionery and one for perfumeries. In 1973, Hanhausen-Douglas took over the Austrian chain Ruttner. As of 1976, all perfumery stores eventually operated under the name "Parfümerie Douglas" and the associated company under the name "Parfümerie Douglas GmbH".
=== Growth in Europe ===
During the 1980's, the Parfümerie Douglas GmbH expanded to the [[Netherlands]], [[France]], [[Italy]] and the [[United States]]. And, Douglas continued to expand in Germany, for example through the acquisition of "Er & Sie" perfumeries. Based on this development in the perfumery business, an organizational restructuring took place that ended in 1989 with the founding of the Douglas Holding AG to replace the Hussel Holding AG.<ref></ref>
After the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], Douglas opened stores in eastern Germany in the 90's and expanded into [[Switzerland]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]. Since the start of the new millennium, Douglas has expanded to [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Monaco]], [[Slovakia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Estonia]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Turkey]], [[Denmark]] and [[Croatia]].<ref name=":2" /> Next to stationary retail, Douglas has also been selling its products via its own online shop since 2000.
At the annual general meeting in June 2001, Dr. Jörn Kreke handed over the chairmanship of the Douglas Holding to his son Dr. Henning Kreke after 32 years in the top position.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Due in part to the economic crisis and a low market share, the company withdrew from Slovakia, Estonia and Denmark in 2009/10 as well as from the American market.
=== Takeover by financial investor ===
In 2012, the Kreke family, together with the private equity investor Advent International, made a public takeover offer to the remaining shareholders of the listed parent company of the Douglas Group, Douglas Holding AG, which at that time also included the companies Thalia, Christ, AppelrathCüpper and Hussel.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> After the successful takeover in 2013, Douglas delisted from the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt stock exchange]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> This marked the beginning of the conglomerate's reorientation, which went back to being purely a perfumery chain in 2014.
After that, Douglas continued to grow internationally and acquired the French perfumery chain Nocibé.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
=== Change of ownership and strategic realignment ===
At first, a renewed stock market launch for the Parfümerie Douglas Deutschland was planned for 2015.<ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> However, on 1 June 2015, 85 percent of the company was sold to financial investor CVC Capital Partners with the Kreke family still holding a minority share of 15 percent.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Then, manager Isabelle Parize took over as CEO of Douglas in February 2016<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and the headquarters was moved in October from [[Hagen]] to Düsseldorf.<ref name=":3" /> According to Douglas, the company wanted all customer-oriented departments and the online activities from Cologne to be concentrated in one place.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> In the same year, the company withdrew from Turkey due to a small market share.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
In July 2017, Douglas completed a transaction to acquire the Spanish perfumery chain Bodybell.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref> In November, the company also completed transactions to acquire the Spanish chain Perfumerías If<ref></ref> and the Italian perfumery chains Limoni and La Gardenia.
In November 2017, Tina Müller took over as the Group CEO of Douglas.<ref></ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Retail companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1910]]
[[Category:Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:German brands]]
== History ==
The name of the company can be traced back to the Scottish [[soap]] [[manufacturer]] John Sharp Douglas.<ref name=":1"></ref> He came from a small village near [[Glasgow]] and on 5 January 1821, he founded a soap factory in Hamburg's warehouse district.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> The factory was soon included to the "Hamburger Address Book" as "J.S. Douglas, Engl. Soap factory, Kehrweider, Herbst Hof".<ref></ref> On 5 November 1828, Hamburg granted John Sharp Douglas citizenship as number 663 of the Civil Protocol. Two years later, on 23 July 1830, Douglas married the mother of his six children, Johanna Catharina Francisca Becker.
Douglas's soap products, such as the Coconut Oil Soda Soap developed in 1830<ref name=":0"></ref> and the Chinese Heavenly Soap introduced around 1840 quickly turned into success. Thanks to modern manufacturing processes, Douglas benefited from greater production efficency. Soap became a much more affordable product to a wider range of the public and bathing became a normal thing to do.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Douglas died in 1847 and his his sons Thomas and Alexander took over the business under the name "J.S. Douglas Sons".<ref name=":0" /> In 1851, they presented their soap products at the first World Fair in [[London]], where the "Chinese Heavenly Soap" was honored with a medal.<ref></ref> In the same year, the brothers developed their "Egyptian Toilette Soap".
In September 1878, Thomas and Alexander Douglas separated as business partners and sold the company to merchants Gustav Adolph Heinrich Runge and Johan Adolph Kolbe.<ref name=":0" /> The new owners kept the comapny's name "J.S. Douglas Sons"<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and expanded the assortment to leather goods, travel utensils and fashion items, which they called "Fantasy Products". In 1888, Gustav Adolph Kolbe took over the position of his deceased father, Johann Adolph, and two years later became the sole owner of the company. By proxy in 1909, he handed responsibility of the soap factory to his wife Berta.
=== The first Douglas Perfumeries ===
Berta Kolbe was the first woman to take over the management of J.S Douglas Sons. She received a business offer from Anna and Maria Carstens: the sisters wanted to open their own perfumery under the established name of "Douglas" to "establish and operate a business in soaps, perfumery products, and toiletries in Hamburg."<ref name=":1" /> And so, on 24 May 1910, the first "Parfümerie Douglas" opened on Hamburg's shopping street [[Neuer Wall]], and even exists today.<ref name=":0" />
In 1929, the Carsten sisters passed the business on to their goddaughters Hertha and Lucie and their father, German artist Johannes Harders. As of 1931, the company was called "Parfümerie Douglas Harders & Co." and thus, reflected the new ownership structure. In 1936, the family hired Erhard Hunger to run the business. He reduced the soap business and expanded the assortment to premium brand products like [[Elizabeth Arden, Inc.|Elizabeth Arden]]. By 1969, Erhard Hunger had expanded Douglas to six stores in Hamburg.
=== From perfumery to corporation ===
In 1969, the six Douglas perfumeries were taken over by the then listed Hussel AG.<ref name=":2">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Under the management of Hussel's chief executive at the time, John Kreke, Hussel AG fueled the expansion of the perfumery through more takeovers and store openings. These were initially consolidated under the name Hanhausen-Douglas GmbH. In the course of this development, Hussel AG was restructured into a holding group with two operating companies: one for confectionery and one for perfumeries. In 1973, Hanhausen-Douglas took over the Austrian chain Ruttner. As of 1976, all perfumery stores eventually operated under the name "Parfümerie Douglas" and the associated company under the name "Parfümerie Douglas GmbH".
=== Growth in Europe ===
During the 1980's, the Parfümerie Douglas GmbH expanded to the [[Netherlands]], [[France]], [[Italy]] and the [[United States]]. And, Douglas continued to expand in Germany, for example through the acquisition of "Er & Sie" perfumeries. Based on this development in the perfumery business, an organizational restructuring took place that ended in 1989 with the founding of the Douglas Holding AG to replace the Hussel Holding AG.<ref></ref>
After the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]], Douglas opened stores in eastern Germany in the 90's and expanded into [[Switzerland]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]]. Since the start of the new millennium, Douglas has expanded to [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Monaco]], [[Slovakia]], the [[Czech Republic]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Estonia]], [[Romania]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Turkey]], [[Denmark]] and [[Croatia]].<ref name=":2" /> Next to stationary retail, Douglas has also been selling its products via its own online shop since 2000.
At the annual general meeting in June 2001, Dr. Jörn Kreke handed over the chairmanship of the Douglas Holding to his son Dr. Henning Kreke after 32 years in the top position.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Due in part to the economic crisis and a low market share, the company withdrew from Slovakia, Estonia and Denmark in 2009/10 as well as from the American market.
=== Takeover by financial investor ===
In 2012, the Kreke family, together with the private equity investor Advent International, made a public takeover offer to the remaining shareholders of the listed parent company of the Douglas Group, Douglas Holding AG, which at that time also included the companies Thalia, Christ, AppelrathCüpper and Hussel.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> After the successful takeover in 2013, Douglas delisted from the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt stock exchange]].<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> This marked the beginning of the conglomerate's reorientation, which went back to being purely a perfumery chain in 2014.
After that, Douglas continued to grow internationally and acquired the French perfumery chain Nocibé.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
=== Change of ownership and strategic realignment ===
At first, a renewed stock market launch for the Parfümerie Douglas Deutschland was planned for 2015.<ref name=":3">Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> However, on 1 June 2015, 85 percent of the company was sold to financial investor CVC Capital Partners with the Kreke family still holding a minority share of 15 percent.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
Then, manager Isabelle Parize took over as CEO of Douglas in February 2016<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> and the headquarters was moved in October from [[Hagen]] to Düsseldorf.<ref name=":3" /> According to Douglas, the company wanted all customer-oriented departments and the online activities from Cologne to be concentrated in one place.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> In the same year, the company withdrew from Turkey due to a small market share.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
In July 2017, Douglas completed a transaction to acquire the Spanish perfumery chain Bodybell.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (2 for 1)</ref> In November, the company also completed transactions to acquire the Spanish chain Perfumerías If<ref></ref> and the Italian perfumery chains Limoni and La Gardenia.
In November 2017, Tina Müller took over as the Group CEO of Douglas.<ref></ref>
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Retail companies of Germany]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 1910]]
[[Category:Companies based in North Rhine-Westphalia]]
[[Category:German brands]]
http://bit.ly/2TOnB7d
بابلو رودريغيز (لاعب كرة قدم أوروغواني)
新規更新されました。 January 15, 2019 at 03:08PM
【外部リンク】
بابلو رودريغيز (لاعب كرة قدم أوروغواني)
http://bit.ly/2AKKXDJ
意味調べるListe der Länder nach Bevölkerung
新規更新January 15, 2019 at 10:50AM
【外部リンク】
Liste der Länder nach Bevölkerung
80.71.142.166:
<noinclude>
----</noinclude>
Diese '''Liste der Länder nach Bevölkerung''' basiert auf Daten des [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] 2017.<ref>[http://bit.ly/1hhXP3P Country Comparison to the World]</ref> Es werden unabhängige Länder (Länder, die als unabhängig von der internationalen Gemeinschaft anerkannt sind) und abhängige Länder angezeigt. Überseegebiete, die fester Bestandteil eines Landes sind, sind in dem betreffenden Land enthalten. Die 28 Mitgliedstaaten der [[Europäische Union|Europäischen Union]] haben eine Gesamtbevölkerung von 516.195.432 Einwohnern (2017). Die Gesamtbevölkerung wird auf 7.405.107.650 Einwohner geschätzt.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Land !! Einwohnerzahl
|-
| 1 || || 1.379.302.771 (2017)
|-
| 2 || || 1.281.935.911 (2017)
|-
| 3 || || 326.625.791 (2017)
|-
| 4 || || 260.580.739 (2017)
|-
| 5 || || 207.353.391 (2017)
|-
| 6 || || 204.924.861 (2017)
|-
| 7 || || 190.632.261 (2017)
|-
| 8 || || 157.826.578 (2017)
|-
| 9 || || 142.257.519 (2017)
|-
| 10 || || 126.451.398 (2017)
|-
| 11 || || 124.574.795 (2017)
|-
| 12 || || 105.350.020 (2017)
|-
| 13 || || 104.256.076 (2017)
|-
| 14 || || 97.041.072 (2017)
|-
| 15 || || 96.160.163 (2017)
|-
| 16 || || 83.301.151 (2017)
|-
| 17 || || 82.021.564 (2017)
|-
| 18 || || 80.845.215 (2017)
|-
| 19 || || 80.594.017 (2017)
|-
| 20 || || 68.414.135 (2017)
|-
| 21 || || 67.106.161 (2017)
|-
| 22 || || 64.769.452 (2017)
|-
| 23 || || 62.137.802 (2017)
|-
| 24 || || 55.123.814 (2017)
|-
| 25 || || 54.841.552 (2017)
|-
| 26 || || 53.950.935 (2017)
|-
| 27 || || 51.181.299 (2017)
|-
| 28 || || 48.958.159 (2017)
|-
| 29 || || 47.698.524 (2017)
|-
| 30 || || 47.615.739 (2017)
|-
| 31 || || 44.293.293 (2017)
|-
| 32 || || 44.033.874 (2017)
|-
| 33 || || 40.969.443 (2017)
|-
| 34 || || 39.570.125 (2017)
|-
| 35 || || 39.192.111 (2017)
|-
| 36 || || 38.476.269 (2017)
|-
| 37 || || 37.345.935 (2017)
|-
| 38 || || 35.623.680 (2017)
|-
| 39 || || 34.124.811 (2017)
|-
| 40 || || 33.986.655 (2017)
|-
| 41 || || 31.381.992 (2017)
|-
| 42 || || 31.304.016 (2017)
|-
| 43 || || 31.036.656 (2017)
|-
| 44 || || 29.748.859 (2017)
|-
| 45 || || 29.384.297 (2017)
|-
| 46 || || 29.310.273 (2017)
|-
| 47 || || 28.571.770 (2017)
|-
| 48 || || 28.036.829 (2017)
|-
| 49 || || 27.499.924 (2017)
|-
| 50 || || 26.573.706 (2017)
|-
| 51 || ||
|-
| 52 || ||
|-
| 53 || ||
|-
| 54 || ||
|-
| 55 || ||
|-
| 56 || ||
|-
| 57 || ||
|-
| 58 || ||
|-
| 59 || ||
|-
| 60 || ||
|-
| 61 || ||
|-
| 62 || ||
|-
| 63 || ||
|-
| 64 || ||
|-
| 65 || ||
|-
| 66 || ||
|-
| 67 || ||
|-
| 68 || ||
|-
| 69 || ||
|-
| 70 || ||
|-
| 71 || ||
|-
| 72 || ||
|-
| 73 || ||
|-
| 74 || ||
|-
| 75 || ||
|-
| 76 || ||
|-
| 77 || ||
|-
| 78 || ||
|-
| 79 || ||
|-
| 80 || ||
|-
| 81 || ||
|-
| 82 || ||
|-
| 83 || ||
|-
| 84 || ||
|-
| 85 || ||
|-
| 86 || ||
|-
| 87 || ||
|-
| 88 || ||
|-
| 89 || ||
|-
| 90 || ||
|-
| 91 || ||
|-
| 92 || ||
|-
| 93 || ||
|-
| 94 || ||
|-
| 95 || ||
|-
| 96 || ||
|-
| 97 || ||
|-
| 98 || ||
|-
| 99 || ||
|-
| 100 || ||
|-
| 101 || ||
|-
| 102 || ||
|-
| 103 || ||
|-
| 104 || ||
|-
| 105 || ||
|-
| 106 || ||
|-
| 107 || ||
|-
| 108 || ||
|-
| 109 || ||
|-
| 110 || ||
|-
| 111 || ||
|-
| 112 || ||
|-
| 113 || ||
|-
| 114 || ||
|-
| 115 || ||
|-
| 116 || ||
|-
| 117 || ||
|-
| 118 || ||
|-
| 119 || ||
|-
| 120 || ||
|-
| 121 || ||
|-
| 122 || ||
|-
| 123 || ||
|-
| 124 || ||
|-
| 125 || ||
|-
| 126 || [[Staat Palästina]] ||
|-
| 127 || ||
|-
| 128 || ||
|-
| 129 || ||
|-
| 130 || ||
|-
| 131 || ||
|-
| 132 || ||
|-
| 133 || ||
|-
| 134 || ||
|-
| 135 || ||
|-
| 136 || ||
|-
| 137 || ||
|-
| 138 || ||
|-
| 139 || ||
|-
| 140 || ||
|-
| 141 || ||
|-
| 142 || ||
|-
| 143 || ||
|-
| 144 || ||
|-
| 145 || ||
|-
| 146 || ||
|-
| 147 || ||
|-
| 148 || ||
|-
| 149 || ||
|-
| 150 || ||
|-
| 151 || ||
|-
| 152 || ||
|-
| 153 || ||
|-
| 154 || ||
|-
| 155 || ||
|-
| 156 || ||
|-
| 157 || ||
|-
| 158 || ||
|-
| 159 || ||
|-
| 160 || ||
|-
| 161 || ||
|-
| 162 || ||
|-
| 163 || ||
|-
| 164 || ||
|-
| 165 || ||
|-
| 166 || ||
|-
| 167 || ||
|-
| 168 || ||
|-
| 169 || ||
|-
| 170 || ||
|-
| 171 || ||
|-
| 172 || ||
|-
| 173 || ||
|-
| 174 || ||
|-
| 175 || ||
|-
| 176 || ||
|-
| 177 || ||
|-
| 178 || ||
|-
| 179 || ||
|-
| 180 || ||
|-
| 181 || ||
|-
| 182 || ||
|-
| 183 || ||
|-
| 184 || ||
|-
| 185 || ||
|-
| 186 || ||
|-
| 187 || ||
|-
| 188 || ||
|-
| 189 || ||
|-
| 190 || ||
|-
| 191 || ||
|-
| 192 || ||
|-
| 193 || ||
|-
| 194 || ||
|-
| 195 || ||
|-
| 196 || ||
|-
| 197 || ||
|-
| 198 || ||
|-
| 199 || ||
|-
| 200 || ||
|-
| 201 || ||
|-
| 202 || ||
|-
| 203 || ||
|-
| 204 || ||
|-
| 205 || ||
|-
| 206 || ||
|-
| 207 || ||
|-
| 208 || ||
|-
| 209 || ||
|-
| 210 || ||
|-
| 211 || [[Sint Maarten]] ||
|-
| 212 || ||
|-
| 213 || ||
|-
| 214 || ||
|-
| 215 || ||
|-
| 216 || ||
|-
| 217 || ||
|-
| 218 || ||
|-
| 219 || ||
|-
| 220 || ||
|-
| 221 || [[Akrotiri und Dekelia]] ||
|-
| 222 || ||
|-
| 223 || ||
|-
| 224 || ||
|-
| 225 || ||
|-
| 226 || ||
|-
| 227 || [[Saint-Pierre und Miquelon]] ||
|-
| 228 || ||
|-
| 229 || ||
|-
| 230 || [[Spitzbergen (Inselgruppe)]] ||
|-
| 231 || ||
|-
| 232 || [[Weihnachtsinsel (Australien)]] ||
|-
| 233 || ||
|-
| 234 || ||
|-
| 235 || ||
|-
| 236 || ||
|-
| 237 || ||
|}
== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />
[[Kategorie:Liste (Staaten)|!Staaten der Erde]]
[[Kategorie:Staat|!Liste]]
[[Kategorie:Demografie nach Staat]]
----</noinclude>
Diese '''Liste der Länder nach Bevölkerung''' basiert auf Daten des [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] 2017.<ref>[http://bit.ly/1hhXP3P Country Comparison to the World]</ref> Es werden unabhängige Länder (Länder, die als unabhängig von der internationalen Gemeinschaft anerkannt sind) und abhängige Länder angezeigt. Überseegebiete, die fester Bestandteil eines Landes sind, sind in dem betreffenden Land enthalten. Die 28 Mitgliedstaaten der [[Europäische Union|Europäischen Union]] haben eine Gesamtbevölkerung von 516.195.432 Einwohnern (2017). Die Gesamtbevölkerung wird auf 7.405.107.650 Einwohner geschätzt.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Nr. !! Land !! Einwohnerzahl
|-
| 1 || || 1.379.302.771 (2017)
|-
| 2 || || 1.281.935.911 (2017)
|-
| 3 || || 326.625.791 (2017)
|-
| 4 || || 260.580.739 (2017)
|-
| 5 || || 207.353.391 (2017)
|-
| 6 || || 204.924.861 (2017)
|-
| 7 || || 190.632.261 (2017)
|-
| 8 || || 157.826.578 (2017)
|-
| 9 || || 142.257.519 (2017)
|-
| 10 || || 126.451.398 (2017)
|-
| 11 || || 124.574.795 (2017)
|-
| 12 || || 105.350.020 (2017)
|-
| 13 || || 104.256.076 (2017)
|-
| 14 || || 97.041.072 (2017)
|-
| 15 || || 96.160.163 (2017)
|-
| 16 || || 83.301.151 (2017)
|-
| 17 || || 82.021.564 (2017)
|-
| 18 || || 80.845.215 (2017)
|-
| 19 || || 80.594.017 (2017)
|-
| 20 || || 68.414.135 (2017)
|-
| 21 || || 67.106.161 (2017)
|-
| 22 || || 64.769.452 (2017)
|-
| 23 || || 62.137.802 (2017)
|-
| 24 || || 55.123.814 (2017)
|-
| 25 || || 54.841.552 (2017)
|-
| 26 || || 53.950.935 (2017)
|-
| 27 || || 51.181.299 (2017)
|-
| 28 || || 48.958.159 (2017)
|-
| 29 || || 47.698.524 (2017)
|-
| 30 || || 47.615.739 (2017)
|-
| 31 || || 44.293.293 (2017)
|-
| 32 || || 44.033.874 (2017)
|-
| 33 || || 40.969.443 (2017)
|-
| 34 || || 39.570.125 (2017)
|-
| 35 || || 39.192.111 (2017)
|-
| 36 || || 38.476.269 (2017)
|-
| 37 || || 37.345.935 (2017)
|-
| 38 || || 35.623.680 (2017)
|-
| 39 || || 34.124.811 (2017)
|-
| 40 || || 33.986.655 (2017)
|-
| 41 || || 31.381.992 (2017)
|-
| 42 || || 31.304.016 (2017)
|-
| 43 || || 31.036.656 (2017)
|-
| 44 || || 29.748.859 (2017)
|-
| 45 || || 29.384.297 (2017)
|-
| 46 || || 29.310.273 (2017)
|-
| 47 || || 28.571.770 (2017)
|-
| 48 || || 28.036.829 (2017)
|-
| 49 || || 27.499.924 (2017)
|-
| 50 || || 26.573.706 (2017)
|-
| 51 || ||
|-
| 52 || ||
|-
| 53 || ||
|-
| 54 || ||
|-
| 55 || ||
|-
| 56 || ||
|-
| 57 || ||
|-
| 58 || ||
|-
| 59 || ||
|-
| 60 || ||
|-
| 61 || ||
|-
| 62 || ||
|-
| 63 || ||
|-
| 64 || ||
|-
| 65 || ||
|-
| 66 || ||
|-
| 67 || ||
|-
| 68 || ||
|-
| 69 || ||
|-
| 70 || ||
|-
| 71 || ||
|-
| 72 || ||
|-
| 73 || ||
|-
| 74 || ||
|-
| 75 || ||
|-
| 76 || ||
|-
| 77 || ||
|-
| 78 || ||
|-
| 79 || ||
|-
| 80 || ||
|-
| 81 || ||
|-
| 82 || ||
|-
| 83 || ||
|-
| 84 || ||
|-
| 85 || ||
|-
| 86 || ||
|-
| 87 || ||
|-
| 88 || ||
|-
| 89 || ||
|-
| 90 || ||
|-
| 91 || ||
|-
| 92 || ||
|-
| 93 || ||
|-
| 94 || ||
|-
| 95 || ||
|-
| 96 || ||
|-
| 97 || ||
|-
| 98 || ||
|-
| 99 || ||
|-
| 100 || ||
|-
| 101 || ||
|-
| 102 || ||
|-
| 103 || ||
|-
| 104 || ||
|-
| 105 || ||
|-
| 106 || ||
|-
| 107 || ||
|-
| 108 || ||
|-
| 109 || ||
|-
| 110 || ||
|-
| 111 || ||
|-
| 112 || ||
|-
| 113 || ||
|-
| 114 || ||
|-
| 115 || ||
|-
| 116 || ||
|-
| 117 || ||
|-
| 118 || ||
|-
| 119 || ||
|-
| 120 || ||
|-
| 121 || ||
|-
| 122 || ||
|-
| 123 || ||
|-
| 124 || ||
|-
| 125 || ||
|-
| 126 || [[Staat Palästina]] ||
|-
| 127 || ||
|-
| 128 || ||
|-
| 129 || ||
|-
| 130 || ||
|-
| 131 || ||
|-
| 132 || ||
|-
| 133 || ||
|-
| 134 || ||
|-
| 135 || ||
|-
| 136 || ||
|-
| 137 || ||
|-
| 138 || ||
|-
| 139 || ||
|-
| 140 || ||
|-
| 141 || ||
|-
| 142 || ||
|-
| 143 || ||
|-
| 144 || ||
|-
| 145 || ||
|-
| 146 || ||
|-
| 147 || ||
|-
| 148 || ||
|-
| 149 || ||
|-
| 150 || ||
|-
| 151 || ||
|-
| 152 || ||
|-
| 153 || ||
|-
| 154 || ||
|-
| 155 || ||
|-
| 156 || ||
|-
| 157 || ||
|-
| 158 || ||
|-
| 159 || ||
|-
| 160 || ||
|-
| 161 || ||
|-
| 162 || ||
|-
| 163 || ||
|-
| 164 || ||
|-
| 165 || ||
|-
| 166 || ||
|-
| 167 || ||
|-
| 168 || ||
|-
| 169 || ||
|-
| 170 || ||
|-
| 171 || ||
|-
| 172 || ||
|-
| 173 || ||
|-
| 174 || ||
|-
| 175 || ||
|-
| 176 || ||
|-
| 177 || ||
|-
| 178 || ||
|-
| 179 || ||
|-
| 180 || ||
|-
| 181 || ||
|-
| 182 || ||
|-
| 183 || ||
|-
| 184 || ||
|-
| 185 || ||
|-
| 186 || ||
|-
| 187 || ||
|-
| 188 || ||
|-
| 189 || ||
|-
| 190 || ||
|-
| 191 || ||
|-
| 192 || ||
|-
| 193 || ||
|-
| 194 || ||
|-
| 195 || ||
|-
| 196 || ||
|-
| 197 || ||
|-
| 198 || ||
|-
| 199 || ||
|-
| 200 || ||
|-
| 201 || ||
|-
| 202 || ||
|-
| 203 || ||
|-
| 204 || ||
|-
| 205 || ||
|-
| 206 || ||
|-
| 207 || ||
|-
| 208 || ||
|-
| 209 || ||
|-
| 210 || ||
|-
| 211 || [[Sint Maarten]] ||
|-
| 212 || ||
|-
| 213 || ||
|-
| 214 || ||
|-
| 215 || ||
|-
| 216 || ||
|-
| 217 || ||
|-
| 218 || ||
|-
| 219 || ||
|-
| 220 || ||
|-
| 221 || [[Akrotiri und Dekelia]] ||
|-
| 222 || ||
|-
| 223 || ||
|-
| 224 || ||
|-
| 225 || ||
|-
| 226 || ||
|-
| 227 || [[Saint-Pierre und Miquelon]] ||
|-
| 228 || ||
|-
| 229 || ||
|-
| 230 || [[Spitzbergen (Inselgruppe)]] ||
|-
| 231 || ||
|-
| 232 || [[Weihnachtsinsel (Australien)]] ||
|-
| 233 || ||
|-
| 234 || ||
|-
| 235 || ||
|-
| 236 || ||
|-
| 237 || ||
|}
== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />
[[Kategorie:Liste (Staaten)|!Staaten der Erde]]
[[Kategorie:Staat|!Liste]]
[[Kategorie:Demografie nach Staat]]
http://bit.ly/2H9Tx4o
登録:
投稿 (Atom)