新規更新January 20, 2019 at 09:00AM
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Thierry Mayer
Rubbish computer: added Category:1971 births using HotCat
'''Thierry Mayer''' (born in [[Boulogne-Billancourt]] on June 27th, [[1971]])<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3CHG1 Curriculum vitae of Thierry Mayer from his website (state: January 2018). Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> is a [[French]] [[economist]] and Professor of Economics at [[Sciences Po]]. He belongs to the most highly cited economists in the field of international trade.<ref>[http://bit.ly/1ywfLkl Thierry Mayer ranked 11th out of 2029 international economists registered on IDEAS/RePEc in January 2019. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> In 2006, Thierry Mayer (and [[Etienne Wasmer]]) were awarded the ''[[Prix du meilleur jeune économiste de France|Best Young Economist of France Award]]'' by [[Cercle des économistes]] and [[Le Monde]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T2kQz9 Le Cercle des économistes (May 9th, 2006). Prix du Meilleur Jeune Économiste 2006. Retrieved on January 19th, 2019.]</ref>
== Biography==
A native of [[Boulogne-Billancourt]], Thierry Mayer earned his [[Ph.D.]] from the [[University of Paris 1]] with a thesis on the strategic location choices of [[multinational firm]]s under the supervision of [[Jean-Louis Mucchielli]], for which he was awarded the French Economic Association's annual prize for best Ph.D. thesis in economics in 2000. After his Ph.D., Mayer first worked as [[associate professor]] at the University of Paris 1 before becoming a Professor of Economics at the [[University of Paris-Sud]] in 2002 following his [[agrégation]] and subsequently moving to the [[Paris School of Economics]] in 2006. Since 2009, he has been Professor of Economics at [[Sciences Po]]. In parallel, Mayer has been affiliated with [[Centre for Economic Policy Research|CEPR]] and [[Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales|CEPII]], and worked as a consultant for the [[Banque de France]], among others.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3CHG1 Curriculum vitae of Thierry Mayer from his website (state: January 2018). Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> Moreover, he has sat or sits on the editorial boards of the ''[[Journal of International Economics]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU46Df Editorial Board of the Journal of International Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref>§ ''[[Review of World Economics]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T8zVzm Editorial Board of the Review of World Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Journal of Regional Science]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2B4AP95 Editorial Board of the Journal of Regional Science. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Regional Science and Urban Economics]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T2RkJF Editorial Board of Regional Science and Urban Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Spatial Economic Analysis]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AWmprh Editorial Board of Spatial Economic Analysis. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Economic Policy (journal)|Economic Policy]]'', ''[[Canadian Journal of Economics]]'' and ''[[International Economics (journal)|International Economics]]''.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2TbdKIs Editorial Board of International Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref>
== Research==
Thierry Mayer ranks among the top 1% of economists registered on [[IDEAS/RePEc]] in terms of research output (January 2019).<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2N77 Thierry Mayer ranked 403rd out of 54192 economists registered on IDEAS/RePEc in January 2019. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> Mayer's research interests include [[international trade]], [[multinational firm]]s, [[economic geography]], [[location theory]], and [[industrial organization]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2SZsTwp Profile of Thierry Mayer on the website of SciencesPo. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> His research has been acknowledged by the [[Prix du meilleur jeune économiste de France|Best Young French Economist Award]] (2006), the Bronze Medal of the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]] (2008) and a junior membership in the [[Institut Universitaire de France]] (2008-13).<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3CHG1 Curriculum vitae of Thierry Mayer from his website (state: January 2018). Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> In particular, Thierry Mayer has played a major role in the development of CEPII's GeoDist database (togethe with Soledad Zignago), which includes bilateral distances between population centres for 225 countries and thus allows for particularly comprehensive [[gravity model of trade|gravity models of trade]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2APKMGX Mayer, T., Zignago, S. (2011). Notes on CEPII's distances measures: The GeoDist database. ''CEPII Working Paper Series''.]</ref> In his research, Mayer has frequently collaborated with [[Keith Head]] ([[University of British Columbia]] and his SciencesPo colleague [[Philippe Martin (economist)|Philippe Martin]].
=== Research on international trade===
==== Research on trade barriers, border and home market effects, and offshoring====
A substantial part of Mayer's research, especially with Keith Head, centres on the topics of border, distance and home market effects, trade barriers, market potential and offshoring. Analyzing infra-European trade patterns in 1976-95, Mayer and Head find European consumers to act as if imports from other EU Member States were subject to high non-tariff barriers, with the removal of barriers by the Single Market Programme having almost no effect on market fragmentation, which in turn suggests that [[border effect]]s within the EU were largely driven by consumers' home bias rather than barriers due to government action.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T2r1TS Head, K., Mayer, T. (2000). Non-Europe: the magnitude and causes of market fragmentation in the EU. ''Review of World Economics'', 136(2), pp. 284-314.]</ref> In later research with Head, Mayer introduces a new measure for distance - "effective distance" - which adjusts distances between countries based on the distances between the regions of countries that trade with each other, weighted by their trade, and uses it to (partly) address the [[border effect|border effect puzzle]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2NE9 Head, K., Mayer, T. (2010). Illusory border effects: distance mismeasurement inflates estimates of home bias in trade. In: Van Bergeijk, P.A.G., Brakman, S. (eds.). ''The Gravity Model in International Trade: Advances and Applications''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 165-192.</ref> Together with John Ries, Mayer and Head argue that [[home market effect]]s in trade models with imperfect competition occur because firms benefit more from locating in the largest market than they lose from moving to a market with many competitors and are surprisingly pervasive, showing their robustness to assuming [[constant elasticity of substitution|CES]] demand, homogeneous goods, non-lambda-shaped trade costs, and price responsiveness to the proximity of competitors, though the effects disappear face to nation-specific differentiation.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2SYXkmI Head, K., Mayer, T., Ries, J. (2002). On the pervasiveness of home market effects. ''Economica'', 69(275), pp. 371-390.]</ref> Empirically, they have found that, even though they have been declining over time, distance costs in service trade remain sufficiently high to create a significant advantage for local workers in services.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Obb Head, K., Mayer, T., Ries, J. (2009). How remote is the offshoring threat? ''European Economic Review'', 53(4), pp. 429-444.]</ref> Studying the trade linkages of former colonies, they also find that within four decades of independence, trade linkages between both former colonies and the colonizing country as well as ''between countries formerly belonging to the same colonial empire'' have on average contracted by around two thirds, i.e., substantially more than with third countries, suggesting the depreciation of trade-related capital.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T4aeQr Head, K., Mayer, T, Ries, J. (2010). The erosion of colonial trade linkages after independence. ''Journal of International Economics'', 81(1), pp. 1-14.]</ref> Finally, an important review of the pre-2014 literature on [[gravity model of trade|gravity models of trade]] for the ''Handbook of International Economics'' is also due to Mayer and Head. <ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2OId Head, K., Mayer, T. (2014). Gravity equations: Workhorse, toolkit, and cookbook. In: Gopinath, G., Helpman, E., Rogoff, K. (eds.). ''Handbook of International Economics'', vol. 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 131-195.]</ref>
==== Research on market potential====
Mayer and Head find that market potential, i.e., the proximity of a country to large markets for exports, matters for the location choice of Japanese investors in the [[European Union|EU]] but cannot completely explain the tendency of firms in the same industry to agglomerate.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T64CVG Head, K., Mayer, T. (2004). Market potential and the location of Japanese investment in the European Union. ''Review of Economics and Statistics'', 86(4), pp. 959-972.]</ref> In further research on market potential, they reconcile the factor price and home market effects of market size and show how regional wages and employment in the EU respond to differentials in "real market potential".<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Pff Head, K., Mayer, T. (2006). Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', 36(5), pp. 573-594.]</ref> Finally, more recently, Mayer and Head have shown market potential to have been a significant driver of global economic per capita growth over the 1965-2003 period.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T5AmtW Head, K., Mayer, T. (2011). Gravity, market potential and development. ''Journal of Economic Geography'', 11(2), pp. 281-294.]</ref>
==== Other research on trade====
Other topics in Mayer's research on trade include the role of networks for interregional trade, the impact of trade relations on the probability of war, product quality sorting in trade, the reaction of exports to exchange rate movements, market access and the relationship between market size, competition and exporters' product mix. In their research on the role of networks for trade between French regions, Mayer, Pierre-Philippe Combes and Miren Lafourcade find that domestic migrants and firm networks respectively double and quadruple bilateral trade flows, which in turn strongly diminishes estimates of the effects of transport costs and administrative borders on interregional trade.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2PMh Combes, P.P., Lafourcade, M., Mayer, T. (2005). The trade-creating effects of business and social networks evidence from France. ''Journal of International Economics'', 66(1), pp. 1-29.]</ref> Studying the effect of trade on war, Mayer, [[Philippe Martin (economist)|Philippe Martin]] and Mathias Thoenig find that bilateral trade integration reduces the probability of war between these two countries, especially if they are neighbours, but that this effect is mitigated by multilateral trade openness, as having strong trade relations with many other countries reduces a country's economic dependency on a given country.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2SYXiLC Martin, P., Mayer, T., Thoenig, M. (2008). Make trade not war? ''Review of Economic Studies'', 75(3), pp. 865-900.]</ref> In further research with Martin and Nicolas Berman, Mayer argues that exchange rate movements such as depreciations have only a weak impact on aggregate export volumes because the majority of exports concentrate among high productivity firms that tend to disproportionately absorb exchange rate movements through price markups rather than increases in export volumes.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Qjj Berman, N., Martin, P., Mayer, T. (2012). How do different exporters react to exchange rate changes? ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', 127(1), pp. 437-492.]</ref> This claim also matches earlier research with [[Gianmarco Ottaviano]] on the internationalization of European firms, wherein he and Mayer note that a few high-performing enterprises tend to drive countries' international performance, implying that policy aimed at fostering economic integration should focus on increasing the number of international firms (rather than increasing the involvement of already internationalized firms) by improving firms' performance in terms of productivity and employment.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T4top9 Mayer, T., Ottaviano, G.I.P. (2007). The Happy Few: The internationalisation of European Firms. New facts based on firm-level evidence. ''Intereconomics'', 43(3), pp. 135-148.]</ref> In another study with Ottaviano, Mayer and [[Marc Melitz]] observe that French export firms tend to concentrate their export product mix on their best performing products the higher the competition in the export market, which bears important implications for firm productivity growth.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Rnn Mayer, T., Melitz, M.J., Ottaviano, G.I.P. (2014). Market size, competition, and the product mix of exporters. ''American Economic Review'', 104(2), pp. 495-536.]</ref> In recent research on quality sorting and trade among French [[champagne]] exporters, Mayer, Head and Matthieu Crozet show that the probability of market entry, export values and firm-level prices monotonically increase in quality.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3AZnT Crozet, M., Head, K., Mayer, T. (2011). Quality sorting and trade: Firm-level evidence for French wine. ''Review of Economic Studies'', 79(2), pp. 609-644.]</ref> Finally, together with José de Sousa and Soledad Zignago, Mayer has found that exporters in the [[Global South]] face 50% more difficulties in accessing developed markets than exporters in developed countries, though these difficulties have fallen by 95% between 1980 and 2006, with non-tariff barriers (and reductions therein) playing an important role.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AT3wFy De Sousa, J., Mayer, T., Zignago, S. (2012). Market access in global and regional trade. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', pp. 1037-1052.]</ref>
=== Research on foreign direct investment===
Investigating the location choices of French [[multinational firm]s] in [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]] in 1980-99, Mayer and Anne-Célia Disdier find that, while institutional quality in the host country is important, agglomeration effects are less strong in non-EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe, with investors' East-West distinction of potential host countries decreasing over time.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T4tq0f Disdier, A.C., Mayer, T. (2004). How different is Eastern Europe? Structure and determinants of location choices by French firms in Eastern and Western Europe. ''Journal of Comparative Economics'', 32(2), pp. 280-296.]</ref> In research on the institutional determinants of inward FDI in [[developing countries]], Mayer, [[Agnès Bénassy-Quéré]] and Maylis Coupet find a large effect of institutions such as bureaucracy, corruption, and legal institutions, with e.g. employment protection reducing FDI, as well as of institutional proximity between origin and destination countries, suggesting that improving the quality of institutions in developing countries is likely to strongly increase FDI inflows.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2ASLsLQ Bénassy-Quéré, A., Coupet, M., Mayer, T. (2007). Institutional determinants of foreign direct investment. ''World Economy'', 30(5), pp. 764-782.]</ref> Finally, studying the domestic effects on French firms of initiating production abroad in 1987-99, Mayer, Alexander Hijzen and Sébastien Jean find the domestic effects to vary across types of FDI, with market-seeking FDI in manufacturing as well as FDI in services sectors resulting in domestic job creation due to [[economies of scale|scale effects]] and their market-seeking motive, whereas factor-seeking FDI has no impact on employment at home.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T53Zvp Hijzen, A., Jean, S., Mayer, T. (2011). The effects at home of initiating production abroad: evidence from matched French firms. ''Review of World Economics'', 147(3), pp. 457.]</ref>
=== Research on firm clustering in France===
Analyzing the agglomeration patterns of foreign firms in France, Mayer, Crozet and Jean-Louis Mucchielli observe positive spillovers between firms, patterns of clustering across firms from the same country and with the highest spillovers, and a "learning process" whereby FDI locations become increasingly distant from the country of origin (e.g. from Germany, Belgium, Switzerland or the Netherlands), but very little evidence for regional policies attempting to attract FDI to a particular location.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AUHPFj Crozet, M., Mayer, T., Mucchieli, J.-L. (2004). How do firms agglomerate? A study of FDI in France. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', 34(1), pp. 27-54.]</ref> In further research on firm clusters in France, Martin and Florian Mayneris find that public policies promoting the development of [[industrial cluster]]s - so-called "systèmes de production localisés" - have failed to reverse the relative decline in productivity for the firms it targeted, which had been selected specifically in depressed sectors and regions, and had no robust effect on employment or exports.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T9scB7 Martin, P., Mayer, T., Mayneris, F. (2011). Public support to clusters: A firm level study of French "Local Productive Systems". ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', 41(2), pp. 108-123.]</ref> However, analyzing the short-run effects of clustering on plant productivity in France, they find a positive effect for localization economies (though none for urbanization); while this lends support to cluster policies in general, their findings also suggest that French firms' location have already well internalized such advantages and further policy-induced clustering is unlikely to yield large gains in productivity.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2ATEbLH Martin, P., Mayer, T., Mayneris, F. (2011). Spatial concentration and plant-level productivity in France. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', 69(2), pp. 182-195.]</ref>
== Bibliography==
Combes, P.P., Mayer, T., Thisse, J.-F. (2008). ''Economic geography: The integration of regions and nations''. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
== References==
== External links==
* [http://bit.ly/2T65ppM Homepage of Thierry Mayer]
* [http://bit.ly/2SZsTwp Profile of Thierry Mayer on the website of SciencesPo]
[[Category:International economists]]
[[Category:French economists]]
[[Category:Males]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trade economists]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
== Biography==
A native of [[Boulogne-Billancourt]], Thierry Mayer earned his [[Ph.D.]] from the [[University of Paris 1]] with a thesis on the strategic location choices of [[multinational firm]]s under the supervision of [[Jean-Louis Mucchielli]], for which he was awarded the French Economic Association's annual prize for best Ph.D. thesis in economics in 2000. After his Ph.D., Mayer first worked as [[associate professor]] at the University of Paris 1 before becoming a Professor of Economics at the [[University of Paris-Sud]] in 2002 following his [[agrégation]] and subsequently moving to the [[Paris School of Economics]] in 2006. Since 2009, he has been Professor of Economics at [[Sciences Po]]. In parallel, Mayer has been affiliated with [[Centre for Economic Policy Research|CEPR]] and [[Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales|CEPII]], and worked as a consultant for the [[Banque de France]], among others.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3CHG1 Curriculum vitae of Thierry Mayer from his website (state: January 2018). Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> Moreover, he has sat or sits on the editorial boards of the ''[[Journal of International Economics]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU46Df Editorial Board of the Journal of International Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref>§ ''[[Review of World Economics]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T8zVzm Editorial Board of the Review of World Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Journal of Regional Science]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2B4AP95 Editorial Board of the Journal of Regional Science. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Regional Science and Urban Economics]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T2RkJF Editorial Board of Regional Science and Urban Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Spatial Economic Analysis]]'',<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AWmprh Editorial Board of Spatial Economic Analysis. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> ''[[Economic Policy (journal)|Economic Policy]]'', ''[[Canadian Journal of Economics]]'' and ''[[International Economics (journal)|International Economics]]''.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2TbdKIs Editorial Board of International Economics. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref>
== Research==
Thierry Mayer ranks among the top 1% of economists registered on [[IDEAS/RePEc]] in terms of research output (January 2019).<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2N77 Thierry Mayer ranked 403rd out of 54192 economists registered on IDEAS/RePEc in January 2019. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> Mayer's research interests include [[international trade]], [[multinational firm]]s, [[economic geography]], [[location theory]], and [[industrial organization]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2SZsTwp Profile of Thierry Mayer on the website of SciencesPo. Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> His research has been acknowledged by the [[Prix du meilleur jeune économiste de France|Best Young French Economist Award]] (2006), the Bronze Medal of the [[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]] (2008) and a junior membership in the [[Institut Universitaire de France]] (2008-13).<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3CHG1 Curriculum vitae of Thierry Mayer from his website (state: January 2018). Retrieved January 19th, 2019.]</ref> In particular, Thierry Mayer has played a major role in the development of CEPII's GeoDist database (togethe with Soledad Zignago), which includes bilateral distances between population centres for 225 countries and thus allows for particularly comprehensive [[gravity model of trade|gravity models of trade]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2APKMGX Mayer, T., Zignago, S. (2011). Notes on CEPII's distances measures: The GeoDist database. ''CEPII Working Paper Series''.]</ref> In his research, Mayer has frequently collaborated with [[Keith Head]] ([[University of British Columbia]] and his SciencesPo colleague [[Philippe Martin (economist)|Philippe Martin]].
=== Research on international trade===
==== Research on trade barriers, border and home market effects, and offshoring====
A substantial part of Mayer's research, especially with Keith Head, centres on the topics of border, distance and home market effects, trade barriers, market potential and offshoring. Analyzing infra-European trade patterns in 1976-95, Mayer and Head find European consumers to act as if imports from other EU Member States were subject to high non-tariff barriers, with the removal of barriers by the Single Market Programme having almost no effect on market fragmentation, which in turn suggests that [[border effect]]s within the EU were largely driven by consumers' home bias rather than barriers due to government action.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T2r1TS Head, K., Mayer, T. (2000). Non-Europe: the magnitude and causes of market fragmentation in the EU. ''Review of World Economics'', 136(2), pp. 284-314.]</ref> In later research with Head, Mayer introduces a new measure for distance - "effective distance" - which adjusts distances between countries based on the distances between the regions of countries that trade with each other, weighted by their trade, and uses it to (partly) address the [[border effect|border effect puzzle]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2NE9 Head, K., Mayer, T. (2010). Illusory border effects: distance mismeasurement inflates estimates of home bias in trade. In: Van Bergeijk, P.A.G., Brakman, S. (eds.). ''The Gravity Model in International Trade: Advances and Applications''. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 165-192.</ref> Together with John Ries, Mayer and Head argue that [[home market effect]]s in trade models with imperfect competition occur because firms benefit more from locating in the largest market than they lose from moving to a market with many competitors and are surprisingly pervasive, showing their robustness to assuming [[constant elasticity of substitution|CES]] demand, homogeneous goods, non-lambda-shaped trade costs, and price responsiveness to the proximity of competitors, though the effects disappear face to nation-specific differentiation.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2SYXkmI Head, K., Mayer, T., Ries, J. (2002). On the pervasiveness of home market effects. ''Economica'', 69(275), pp. 371-390.]</ref> Empirically, they have found that, even though they have been declining over time, distance costs in service trade remain sufficiently high to create a significant advantage for local workers in services.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Obb Head, K., Mayer, T., Ries, J. (2009). How remote is the offshoring threat? ''European Economic Review'', 53(4), pp. 429-444.]</ref> Studying the trade linkages of former colonies, they also find that within four decades of independence, trade linkages between both former colonies and the colonizing country as well as ''between countries formerly belonging to the same colonial empire'' have on average contracted by around two thirds, i.e., substantially more than with third countries, suggesting the depreciation of trade-related capital.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T4aeQr Head, K., Mayer, T, Ries, J. (2010). The erosion of colonial trade linkages after independence. ''Journal of International Economics'', 81(1), pp. 1-14.]</ref> Finally, an important review of the pre-2014 literature on [[gravity model of trade|gravity models of trade]] for the ''Handbook of International Economics'' is also due to Mayer and Head. <ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2OId Head, K., Mayer, T. (2014). Gravity equations: Workhorse, toolkit, and cookbook. In: Gopinath, G., Helpman, E., Rogoff, K. (eds.). ''Handbook of International Economics'', vol. 4. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 131-195.]</ref>
==== Research on market potential====
Mayer and Head find that market potential, i.e., the proximity of a country to large markets for exports, matters for the location choice of Japanese investors in the [[European Union|EU]] but cannot completely explain the tendency of firms in the same industry to agglomerate.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T64CVG Head, K., Mayer, T. (2004). Market potential and the location of Japanese investment in the European Union. ''Review of Economics and Statistics'', 86(4), pp. 959-972.]</ref> In further research on market potential, they reconcile the factor price and home market effects of market size and show how regional wages and employment in the EU respond to differentials in "real market potential".<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Pff Head, K., Mayer, T. (2006). Regional wage and employment responses to market potential in the EU. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', 36(5), pp. 573-594.]</ref> Finally, more recently, Mayer and Head have shown market potential to have been a significant driver of global economic per capita growth over the 1965-2003 period.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T5AmtW Head, K., Mayer, T. (2011). Gravity, market potential and development. ''Journal of Economic Geography'', 11(2), pp. 281-294.]</ref>
==== Other research on trade====
Other topics in Mayer's research on trade include the role of networks for interregional trade, the impact of trade relations on the probability of war, product quality sorting in trade, the reaction of exports to exchange rate movements, market access and the relationship between market size, competition and exporters' product mix. In their research on the role of networks for trade between French regions, Mayer, Pierre-Philippe Combes and Miren Lafourcade find that domestic migrants and firm networks respectively double and quadruple bilateral trade flows, which in turn strongly diminishes estimates of the effects of transport costs and administrative borders on interregional trade.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2PMh Combes, P.P., Lafourcade, M., Mayer, T. (2005). The trade-creating effects of business and social networks evidence from France. ''Journal of International Economics'', 66(1), pp. 1-29.]</ref> Studying the effect of trade on war, Mayer, [[Philippe Martin (economist)|Philippe Martin]] and Mathias Thoenig find that bilateral trade integration reduces the probability of war between these two countries, especially if they are neighbours, but that this effect is mitigated by multilateral trade openness, as having strong trade relations with many other countries reduces a country's economic dependency on a given country.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2SYXiLC Martin, P., Mayer, T., Thoenig, M. (2008). Make trade not war? ''Review of Economic Studies'', 75(3), pp. 865-900.]</ref> In further research with Martin and Nicolas Berman, Mayer argues that exchange rate movements such as depreciations have only a weak impact on aggregate export volumes because the majority of exports concentrate among high productivity firms that tend to disproportionately absorb exchange rate movements through price markups rather than increases in export volumes.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Qjj Berman, N., Martin, P., Mayer, T. (2012). How do different exporters react to exchange rate changes? ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', 127(1), pp. 437-492.]</ref> This claim also matches earlier research with [[Gianmarco Ottaviano]] on the internationalization of European firms, wherein he and Mayer note that a few high-performing enterprises tend to drive countries' international performance, implying that policy aimed at fostering economic integration should focus on increasing the number of international firms (rather than increasing the involvement of already internationalized firms) by improving firms' performance in terms of productivity and employment.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T4top9 Mayer, T., Ottaviano, G.I.P. (2007). The Happy Few: The internationalisation of European Firms. New facts based on firm-level evidence. ''Intereconomics'', 43(3), pp. 135-148.]</ref> In another study with Ottaviano, Mayer and [[Marc Melitz]] observe that French export firms tend to concentrate their export product mix on their best performing products the higher the competition in the export market, which bears important implications for firm productivity growth.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AU2Rnn Mayer, T., Melitz, M.J., Ottaviano, G.I.P. (2014). Market size, competition, and the product mix of exporters. ''American Economic Review'', 104(2), pp. 495-536.]</ref> In recent research on quality sorting and trade among French [[champagne]] exporters, Mayer, Head and Matthieu Crozet show that the probability of market entry, export values and firm-level prices monotonically increase in quality.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T3AZnT Crozet, M., Head, K., Mayer, T. (2011). Quality sorting and trade: Firm-level evidence for French wine. ''Review of Economic Studies'', 79(2), pp. 609-644.]</ref> Finally, together with José de Sousa and Soledad Zignago, Mayer has found that exporters in the [[Global South]] face 50% more difficulties in accessing developed markets than exporters in developed countries, though these difficulties have fallen by 95% between 1980 and 2006, with non-tariff barriers (and reductions therein) playing an important role.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AT3wFy De Sousa, J., Mayer, T., Zignago, S. (2012). Market access in global and regional trade. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', pp. 1037-1052.]</ref>
=== Research on foreign direct investment===
Investigating the location choices of French [[multinational firm]s] in [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]] in 1980-99, Mayer and Anne-Célia Disdier find that, while institutional quality in the host country is important, agglomeration effects are less strong in non-EU countries of Central and Eastern Europe, with investors' East-West distinction of potential host countries decreasing over time.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T4tq0f Disdier, A.C., Mayer, T. (2004). How different is Eastern Europe? Structure and determinants of location choices by French firms in Eastern and Western Europe. ''Journal of Comparative Economics'', 32(2), pp. 280-296.]</ref> In research on the institutional determinants of inward FDI in [[developing countries]], Mayer, [[Agnès Bénassy-Quéré]] and Maylis Coupet find a large effect of institutions such as bureaucracy, corruption, and legal institutions, with e.g. employment protection reducing FDI, as well as of institutional proximity between origin and destination countries, suggesting that improving the quality of institutions in developing countries is likely to strongly increase FDI inflows.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2ASLsLQ Bénassy-Quéré, A., Coupet, M., Mayer, T. (2007). Institutional determinants of foreign direct investment. ''World Economy'', 30(5), pp. 764-782.]</ref> Finally, studying the domestic effects on French firms of initiating production abroad in 1987-99, Mayer, Alexander Hijzen and Sébastien Jean find the domestic effects to vary across types of FDI, with market-seeking FDI in manufacturing as well as FDI in services sectors resulting in domestic job creation due to [[economies of scale|scale effects]] and their market-seeking motive, whereas factor-seeking FDI has no impact on employment at home.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T53Zvp Hijzen, A., Jean, S., Mayer, T. (2011). The effects at home of initiating production abroad: evidence from matched French firms. ''Review of World Economics'', 147(3), pp. 457.]</ref>
=== Research on firm clustering in France===
Analyzing the agglomeration patterns of foreign firms in France, Mayer, Crozet and Jean-Louis Mucchielli observe positive spillovers between firms, patterns of clustering across firms from the same country and with the highest spillovers, and a "learning process" whereby FDI locations become increasingly distant from the country of origin (e.g. from Germany, Belgium, Switzerland or the Netherlands), but very little evidence for regional policies attempting to attract FDI to a particular location.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2AUHPFj Crozet, M., Mayer, T., Mucchieli, J.-L. (2004). How do firms agglomerate? A study of FDI in France. ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', 34(1), pp. 27-54.]</ref> In further research on firm clusters in France, Martin and Florian Mayneris find that public policies promoting the development of [[industrial cluster]]s - so-called "systèmes de production localisés" - have failed to reverse the relative decline in productivity for the firms it targeted, which had been selected specifically in depressed sectors and regions, and had no robust effect on employment or exports.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2T9scB7 Martin, P., Mayer, T., Mayneris, F. (2011). Public support to clusters: A firm level study of French "Local Productive Systems". ''Regional Science and Urban Economics'', 41(2), pp. 108-123.]</ref> However, analyzing the short-run effects of clustering on plant productivity in France, they find a positive effect for localization economies (though none for urbanization); while this lends support to cluster policies in general, their findings also suggest that French firms' location have already well internalized such advantages and further policy-induced clustering is unlikely to yield large gains in productivity.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2ATEbLH Martin, P., Mayer, T., Mayneris, F. (2011). Spatial concentration and plant-level productivity in France. ''Journal of Urban Economics'', 69(2), pp. 182-195.]</ref>
== Bibliography==
Combes, P.P., Mayer, T., Thisse, J.-F. (2008). ''Economic geography: The integration of regions and nations''. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
== References==
== External links==
* [http://bit.ly/2T65ppM Homepage of Thierry Mayer]
* [http://bit.ly/2SZsTwp Profile of Thierry Mayer on the website of SciencesPo]
[[Category:International economists]]
[[Category:French economists]]
[[Category:Males]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trade economists]]
[[Category:1971 births]]
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