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Packard Twelve
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==Packard Twelve==
[[File:1933 Packard 1005 Convertible Coupe - svr (12824103524).jpg|thumb|1933 Packard 1005 Convertible Coupé]]
[[File:1939 Packard Twelve Coupé in Belfair Green, front left (Hershey 2019).jpg|thumb|1939 Packard Twelve Coupé (17th Series, 1939)]]
[[File:Packard Twelve.jpg|thumb|Packard Twelve Convertible Victoria (17th Series, 1939)]]
The '''Packard Twelve''' was a range of [[V12 engine|V12-engined]] luxury automobiles built by the [[Packard|Packard Motor Car Company]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. The car was built from model year 1933 until 1939 as a successor to the twelve-cylinder [[Packard Twin Six|Twin Six]].
== History ==
For 1933 Packard updated the 1932 Twin Six and switched its name to "Packard Twelve," to align it with the rest of the Packard lineup.<ref name=CCZ1106>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> This was the 10th Series and two models were on offer: the 1005 and the 1006 had wheelbases of and . The Twin Six' double drop frame was replaced by a tapered design.<ref name=Ind238>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 238</ref>
The Twin Six' V12-engine was retained without major change. The cylinder blocks are at a 67 degree angle, bore and stroke respectively. A displacement was the result and maximum power is at 3200 rpm. A single dry-plate clutch replaced the earlier twin-plate model, matched to a floor-shifted three-speed manual transmission. The existing mechanical brakes were also adopted for the Twelve.
The shorter wheelbase (Model 1005) was available with at least ten different styles of bodywork, ranging from the two-seat Coupe Roadster to the five-seat Formal Sedan. Standard bodyworks for the long wheelbase Model 1006 were Sedan and Sedan Limousine (both either five- or seven-seaters), with a host of custom bodyworks also on offer. These were mainly by Dietrich and LeBaron. The Super Eight long wheelbase chassis was no longer available, restricting custom bodyworks to the new Twelve.<ref name=Ind238/>
=== Year-to-year changes ===
In 1934 the 11th series model was introduced, adding a shorter third version on the chassis of the [[Packard Super Eight|Super Eight]].<ref name=Ind239>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 239</ref> An "Aero Sport Coupe" bodied in-house and a LeBaron-bodied "Runabout Speedster" were available on this wheelbase; only around ten of these two types were made. The dramatic, almond-shaped Aero Sport Coupe design was guided by Packard stylist Ed Macauley and only four were built. This was the last car to be "Custom Made by Packard."<ref name=CCZ1106/> The Model codes were 1106 (short), 1107 (middle), and 1108 (long). 960 Packard Twelves were built in 1934. This was also the first year that a radio was a factory option.
For the 12th Series of 1935, the engine gained aluminum heads and was stroked by a quarter inch, bringing up the displacement to . Power is at 3200 rpm and a high compression version with was also available. The gearbox was now fully synchronized and both the mechanical brakes and the clutch received [[Vacuum servo|vacuum assist]]. The new wheelbases on offer were , , and . The 14th Series of 1936 was largely unchanged from the 12th (there was no [[Triskaidekaphobia|13th]] Series). The only differences were that the shortest wheelbase model was discontinued, and the oil temperature regulator was redesigned.<ref name=Ind243>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 243</ref>
Model year 1937 brought hydraulic brakes for the 15th Series Twelve; these had already been available for two years on the [[Packard One-Twenty|Packard One Twenty]].<ref name=Ind240>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 240</ref> [[Suicide door]]s were changed to conventional, front-hinged ones. With 1300 built, 1937 was the Twelve's most successful year.<ref name=Ind245>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 245</ref>
1938's 16th Series brought yet shorter wheelbases: , , and . The shortest Model 1606 used the Super Eight chassis but was not included in Packard's brochures and it is unsure if any were built.<ref name=Ind247>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 247</ref> Only 566 16th Series Twelves were built, followed by 446 17th Series. The fenders were of a heavier design than on previous years' models, while a column shift became and option alongside the center mounted shifter. This shape remained in use for 1939's 17th Series, the last of the Packard Twelves. 5262 examples were built in total. For 1940 Packard's top model was the [[Packard Super Eight]].
== Trivia ==
In October 1935 American President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] gave [[Joseph Stalin]] an armored Packard Twelve, which became the dictator's favorite ride for many years.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== References ==
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
[[Category:Packard vehicles|Twelve]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1933]]
[[File:1933 Packard 1005 Convertible Coupe - svr (12824103524).jpg|thumb|1933 Packard 1005 Convertible Coupé]]
[[File:1939 Packard Twelve Coupé in Belfair Green, front left (Hershey 2019).jpg|thumb|1939 Packard Twelve Coupé (17th Series, 1939)]]
[[File:Packard Twelve.jpg|thumb|Packard Twelve Convertible Victoria (17th Series, 1939)]]
The '''Packard Twelve''' was a range of [[V12 engine|V12-engined]] luxury automobiles built by the [[Packard|Packard Motor Car Company]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. The car was built from model year 1933 until 1939 as a successor to the twelve-cylinder [[Packard Twin Six|Twin Six]].
== History ==
For 1933 Packard updated the 1932 Twin Six and switched its name to "Packard Twelve," to align it with the rest of the Packard lineup.<ref name=CCZ1106>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> This was the 10th Series and two models were on offer: the 1005 and the 1006 had wheelbases of and . The Twin Six' double drop frame was replaced by a tapered design.<ref name=Ind238>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 238</ref>
The Twin Six' V12-engine was retained without major change. The cylinder blocks are at a 67 degree angle, bore and stroke respectively. A displacement was the result and maximum power is at 3200 rpm. A single dry-plate clutch replaced the earlier twin-plate model, matched to a floor-shifted three-speed manual transmission. The existing mechanical brakes were also adopted for the Twelve.
The shorter wheelbase (Model 1005) was available with at least ten different styles of bodywork, ranging from the two-seat Coupe Roadster to the five-seat Formal Sedan. Standard bodyworks for the long wheelbase Model 1006 were Sedan and Sedan Limousine (both either five- or seven-seaters), with a host of custom bodyworks also on offer. These were mainly by Dietrich and LeBaron. The Super Eight long wheelbase chassis was no longer available, restricting custom bodyworks to the new Twelve.<ref name=Ind238/>
=== Year-to-year changes ===
In 1934 the 11th series model was introduced, adding a shorter third version on the chassis of the [[Packard Super Eight|Super Eight]].<ref name=Ind239>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 239</ref> An "Aero Sport Coupe" bodied in-house and a LeBaron-bodied "Runabout Speedster" were available on this wheelbase; only around ten of these two types were made. The dramatic, almond-shaped Aero Sport Coupe design was guided by Packard stylist Ed Macauley and only four were built. This was the last car to be "Custom Made by Packard."<ref name=CCZ1106/> The Model codes were 1106 (short), 1107 (middle), and 1108 (long). 960 Packard Twelves were built in 1934. This was also the first year that a radio was a factory option.
For the 12th Series of 1935, the engine gained aluminum heads and was stroked by a quarter inch, bringing up the displacement to . Power is at 3200 rpm and a high compression version with was also available. The gearbox was now fully synchronized and both the mechanical brakes and the clutch received [[Vacuum servo|vacuum assist]]. The new wheelbases on offer were , , and . The 14th Series of 1936 was largely unchanged from the 12th (there was no [[Triskaidekaphobia|13th]] Series). The only differences were that the shortest wheelbase model was discontinued, and the oil temperature regulator was redesigned.<ref name=Ind243>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 243</ref>
Model year 1937 brought hydraulic brakes for the 15th Series Twelve; these had already been available for two years on the [[Packard One-Twenty|Packard One Twenty]].<ref name=Ind240>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 240</ref> [[Suicide door]]s were changed to conventional, front-hinged ones. With 1300 built, 1937 was the Twelve's most successful year.<ref name=Ind245>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 245</ref>
1938's 16th Series brought yet shorter wheelbases: , , and . The shortest Model 1606 used the Super Eight chassis but was not included in Packard's brochures and it is unsure if any were built.<ref name=Ind247>[[#Indie|''Standard Catalog of Independents'']], p. 247</ref> Only 566 16th Series Twelves were built, followed by 446 17th Series. The fenders were of a heavier design than on previous years' models, while a column shift became and option alongside the center mounted shifter. This shape remained in use for 1939's 17th Series, the last of the Packard Twelves. 5262 examples were built in total. For 1940 Packard's top model was the [[Packard Super Eight]].
== Trivia ==
In October 1935 American President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] gave [[Joseph Stalin]] an armored Packard Twelve, which became the dictator's favorite ride for many years.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref>
== References ==
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)
[[Category:Packard vehicles|Twelve]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1933]]
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