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James Henry Nixon
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[[File:Lincoln Cathedral East window.jpg|thumb|300px|The East Window of [[Lincoln Cathedral]], Ward and Nixon (1755)]]
'''James Henry Nixon''' (1802-1857) was a painter during the Victorian period, who worked in the firm Ward and Nixon painting stain glass windows. James Henry Nixon was a [[protege]] of [[Charles Winston]], who praised Nixon's work at [[Westminster Abbey]] and [[Church of Christ the King, Bloomsbury]].<ref>http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/articles/VictorianBuildings/Architects.htm</ref><ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=cIJRRUthgeQC&pg=PR16&lpg=PR16&dq=an+introduction+to+the+study+of+painted+glass+charles+winston+1849&source=bl&ots=C5eSos5NG_&sig=ACfU3U1puocVmo7TyizlKu0plcJqzRGzjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-xOul1sniAhWDmlkKHS4fBaUQ6AEwBXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=nixon&f=false p. 36]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/31cTr21 p. 47]</ref>
== Career ==
The company began in 1836 as Ward and Nixon, when [[James Henry Nixon]] (brother of [[Samuel Nixon (sculptor)|sculptor Samuel Nixon]]) joined forces with Thomas Ward.<ref>Stained Glass and the Victorian Gothic Revival. Jim Cheshire. Manchester University Press, 2004. p.47 </ref> Nixon was a student of [[John Martin (painter)]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2Kz2rIU> From 1826-1829, Nixon painted the famous medieval stained glass in the Parish Church of [[St Neot, Cornwall]].<ref>http://bit.ly/31ljJiL> After that, Nixon exhibited at the [[Royal Academy]] from 1830-1847.<ref>http://bit.ly/2Kz2rIU> He exhibited "Solomon's sacrifice" to outstanding reviews (1832) and the following year he exhibited "The resting of the Arc in the River Jordan".<ref>https://archive.org/details/recollectionsofb00smit/page/100</ref><ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZEdQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&dq=%22solomon%27s+sacrifice%22+%22j.h.+nixon%22&source=bl&ots=ZhJEmTa3rE&sig=ACfU3U0LneN9z7pvdNDMymLH_DeiXG6A-g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSkq_hr9HiAhXLxFkKHZmyBWMQ6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22solomon's%20sacrifice%22%20%22j.h.%20nixon%22&f=false p. 285]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2KCF94L p. 348]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/31kiTCz p. 425]</ref> He made a window at New Lady chapel, St. Savior, Southwark in 1832.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2KC087F p. 58]</ref> Nixon also illustrated the work of Sir [[Walter Scott]] (1835).<ref>http://bit.ly/31jmpxh> <ref>Catherine Gordon. The Illustration of Sir Walter Scott: Nineteenth-Century Enthusiasm and Adaptation.
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. Vol. 34 (1971), pp. 297-317</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2Kzv34B p. 22]</ref><ref>http://bit.ly/2Kz2rIU> They created two windows for St. Edmunds, Lumbard St., London.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31ewxao p. 4]</ref> They also installed a window in the east end of St Martin's, [[Owston Ferry]], Lincolnshire (1836).<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBebKS> He also illustrated the [[Eglinton Tournament of 1839]].
Ward and Nixon's studio was at 67 [[Frith Street]], [[Soho]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/31hrqGz p.199]</ref><ref>http://bit.ly/2KBezsO> They created large window for [[St Stephen Coleman Street]], London.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31hrqGz p. 199]</ref> They were commissioned to do the south [[transept]] of [[Westminster Abbey]] (1844-1848, removed 1902).<ref>[http://bit.ly/31cTpXX p. 105]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2KBezZQ p.100]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/31irbek p. 128]</ref><ref>http://bit.ly/2KBecOW> Charles Winston wrote,
:"... the superiority of this work over its contemporaries, both here and abroad, that, had Mr. Nixon done nothing else, it would have been sufficient to entitle him to the respect of those who desire to see the true revival of a neglected and underrated branch of art."<ref>[http://bit.ly/2KBezZQ p. 100]</ref>
In 1846, they created the two east stain glass windows for [[St Mary's Church, Eastwell]], [[Kent]] that represent the events in the history of Christ and Mary.<ref>http://bit.ly/31kkS9U>
[[File:Westminster Abbey, London - the south transept rose window by Ward and Nixon (1844-1848).png|thumb|left|Westminster Abbey, London - the south transept rose window by Ward and Nixon (1844-1848)]]
They also did Resurrection windows at St Mary, Redenhall, Norfolk.<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeC7Y> They did Saint James Major stained glass window 1846 by Ward and Nixon, church of Saint James [[Stert]], Wiltshire, England, UK.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31j1iLd flicker]</ref> They also did windows for the church at [[Homerton]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeDc2>
In 1847, the created a window for [[Church of St John-at-Hackney]] <ref>http://bit.ly/31gSl5q>, St. Mary, [[Thorpe, Surrey]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeEg6>, and St Illogan, [[Illogan]], Cornwall.<ref>http://bit.ly/31hb1lr>
In 1848, they completed two eastern windows for the parish church of St. George, [[Guiana]], <ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeFka>, Chichester Cathedral<ref>http://bit.ly/31kwwSy>, St. Paul, Shadwell<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeFRc> and St. John Baptist, Hackney.<ref>http://bit.ly/31graYj> In 1848, Thomas Ward died at age 71 and his part of the business was taken over by his nephew of the same name.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31hrqGz p. 199]</ref>
In 1851, they contributed windows to the Norwich Cathedral <ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeGoe> and St. Paul's, Shadwell.<ref>http://bit.ly/31irbuQ> In 1753, they made glass for [[St Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle]]<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBefu6> and [[Benefield]].<ref>http://bit.ly/31dNEJn>
In 1854, they did windows at [[St Nicholas Church, Brighton]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBegya> In 1855, they did two memorial windows for the [[Armagh Cathedral]].<ref>http://bit.ly/31cTqet> Also for St. Andrews Church, Langton.<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeDc2>
Perhaps the most prestigious stained glass commission of the 19th century, the re-glazing of the East Window of [[Lincoln Cathedral]], went to Ward and Nixon in 1855. The largest 13th century window in the world, the simple harmony of the tracery in Geometric Decorated Gothic is the ultimate splendour in what has been acclaimed as "the finest cathedral in England". ([[John Ruskin]] and others). Ward and Nixon used a conservative design, its overall appearance being in keeping with the date of the stonework and drawing for effect on the visual texture of the variations within its formal arrangement and the glorious luminescence of its colour.
In the 1857 Nixon died and his pupil, Henry Hughes, became the partner of Thomas Ward, and the business was renamed [[Ward and Hughes]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBehCe>
== Reference ==
[[Category:History of London]]
'''James Henry Nixon''' (1802-1857) was a painter during the Victorian period, who worked in the firm Ward and Nixon painting stain glass windows. James Henry Nixon was a [[protege]] of [[Charles Winston]], who praised Nixon's work at [[Westminster Abbey]] and [[Church of Christ the King, Bloomsbury]].<ref>http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/articles/VictorianBuildings/Architects.htm</ref><ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=cIJRRUthgeQC&pg=PR16&lpg=PR16&dq=an+introduction+to+the+study+of+painted+glass+charles+winston+1849&source=bl&ots=C5eSos5NG_&sig=ACfU3U1puocVmo7TyizlKu0plcJqzRGzjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-xOul1sniAhWDmlkKHS4fBaUQ6AEwBXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=nixon&f=false p. 36]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/31cTr21 p. 47]</ref>
== Career ==
The company began in 1836 as Ward and Nixon, when [[James Henry Nixon]] (brother of [[Samuel Nixon (sculptor)|sculptor Samuel Nixon]]) joined forces with Thomas Ward.<ref>Stained Glass and the Victorian Gothic Revival. Jim Cheshire. Manchester University Press, 2004. p.47 </ref> Nixon was a student of [[John Martin (painter)]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2Kz2rIU> From 1826-1829, Nixon painted the famous medieval stained glass in the Parish Church of [[St Neot, Cornwall]].<ref>http://bit.ly/31ljJiL> After that, Nixon exhibited at the [[Royal Academy]] from 1830-1847.<ref>http://bit.ly/2Kz2rIU> He exhibited "Solomon's sacrifice" to outstanding reviews (1832) and the following year he exhibited "The resting of the Arc in the River Jordan".<ref>https://archive.org/details/recollectionsofb00smit/page/100</ref><ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZEdQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&dq=%22solomon%27s+sacrifice%22+%22j.h.+nixon%22&source=bl&ots=ZhJEmTa3rE&sig=ACfU3U0LneN9z7pvdNDMymLH_DeiXG6A-g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSkq_hr9HiAhXLxFkKHZmyBWMQ6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22solomon's%20sacrifice%22%20%22j.h.%20nixon%22&f=false p. 285]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2KCF94L p. 348]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/31kiTCz p. 425]</ref> He made a window at New Lady chapel, St. Savior, Southwark in 1832.<ref>[http://bit.ly/2KC087F p. 58]</ref> Nixon also illustrated the work of Sir [[Walter Scott]] (1835).<ref>http://bit.ly/31jmpxh> <ref>Catherine Gordon. The Illustration of Sir Walter Scott: Nineteenth-Century Enthusiasm and Adaptation.
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes. Vol. 34 (1971), pp. 297-317</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2Kzv34B p. 22]</ref><ref>http://bit.ly/2Kz2rIU> They created two windows for St. Edmunds, Lumbard St., London.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31ewxao p. 4]</ref> They also installed a window in the east end of St Martin's, [[Owston Ferry]], Lincolnshire (1836).<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBebKS> He also illustrated the [[Eglinton Tournament of 1839]].
Ward and Nixon's studio was at 67 [[Frith Street]], [[Soho]].<ref>[http://bit.ly/31hrqGz p.199]</ref><ref>http://bit.ly/2KBezsO> They created large window for [[St Stephen Coleman Street]], London.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31hrqGz p. 199]</ref> They were commissioned to do the south [[transept]] of [[Westminster Abbey]] (1844-1848, removed 1902).<ref>[http://bit.ly/31cTpXX p. 105]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/2KBezZQ p.100]</ref><ref>[http://bit.ly/31irbek p. 128]</ref><ref>http://bit.ly/2KBecOW> Charles Winston wrote,
:"... the superiority of this work over its contemporaries, both here and abroad, that, had Mr. Nixon done nothing else, it would have been sufficient to entitle him to the respect of those who desire to see the true revival of a neglected and underrated branch of art."<ref>[http://bit.ly/2KBezZQ p. 100]</ref>
In 1846, they created the two east stain glass windows for [[St Mary's Church, Eastwell]], [[Kent]] that represent the events in the history of Christ and Mary.<ref>http://bit.ly/31kkS9U>
[[File:Westminster Abbey, London - the south transept rose window by Ward and Nixon (1844-1848).png|thumb|left|Westminster Abbey, London - the south transept rose window by Ward and Nixon (1844-1848)]]
They also did Resurrection windows at St Mary, Redenhall, Norfolk.<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeC7Y> They did Saint James Major stained glass window 1846 by Ward and Nixon, church of Saint James [[Stert]], Wiltshire, England, UK.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31j1iLd flicker]</ref> They also did windows for the church at [[Homerton]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeDc2>
In 1847, the created a window for [[Church of St John-at-Hackney]] <ref>http://bit.ly/31gSl5q>, St. Mary, [[Thorpe, Surrey]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeEg6>, and St Illogan, [[Illogan]], Cornwall.<ref>http://bit.ly/31hb1lr>
In 1848, they completed two eastern windows for the parish church of St. George, [[Guiana]], <ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeFka>, Chichester Cathedral<ref>http://bit.ly/31kwwSy>, St. Paul, Shadwell<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeFRc> and St. John Baptist, Hackney.<ref>http://bit.ly/31graYj> In 1848, Thomas Ward died at age 71 and his part of the business was taken over by his nephew of the same name.<ref>[http://bit.ly/31hrqGz p. 199]</ref>
In 1851, they contributed windows to the Norwich Cathedral <ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeGoe> and St. Paul's, Shadwell.<ref>http://bit.ly/31irbuQ> In 1753, they made glass for [[St Giles' Catholic Church, Cheadle]]<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBefu6> and [[Benefield]].<ref>http://bit.ly/31dNEJn>
In 1854, they did windows at [[St Nicholas Church, Brighton]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBegya> In 1855, they did two memorial windows for the [[Armagh Cathedral]].<ref>http://bit.ly/31cTqet> Also for St. Andrews Church, Langton.<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBeDc2>
Perhaps the most prestigious stained glass commission of the 19th century, the re-glazing of the East Window of [[Lincoln Cathedral]], went to Ward and Nixon in 1855. The largest 13th century window in the world, the simple harmony of the tracery in Geometric Decorated Gothic is the ultimate splendour in what has been acclaimed as "the finest cathedral in England". ([[John Ruskin]] and others). Ward and Nixon used a conservative design, its overall appearance being in keeping with the date of the stonework and drawing for effect on the visual texture of the variations within its formal arrangement and the glorious luminescence of its colour.
In the 1857 Nixon died and his pupil, Henry Hughes, became the partner of Thomas Ward, and the business was renamed [[Ward and Hughes]].<ref>http://bit.ly/2KBehCe>
== Reference ==
[[Category:History of London]]
http://bit.ly/31dNFNr
