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Terre de Suète
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'''Terre de Suète''', also known as '''al-Sawad''' (the black earth)was the name applied by the Franks to a region east of the [[Sea of Galilee]], referring to its dark basalt soil. The core of the region was the fertile, corn-producing area of the [[Hauran]] (as far as [[Deraa]]) and extended to the Golan Heights and beyond the river [[Yarmouk River|Yarmouk]] south to the [[Zarqa River|Zarqa river]], including [[Ajloun]]. In the period 1105-1126, the Franks of Jerusalem made several unsuccessful efforts to wrest control of the region from Damascus.
During this time an accommodation was reached (which came to be repeatedly renewed by treaty up to the time of Saladin) recognizing the Terre de Suète as a [[Condominium (international law)|condominium]] under the joint sovereignty of Damascus and the kingdom of Jerusalem. The treaty provided that each party took a third of the produce and revenues of [[Coele-Syria]], with the remainder going to its inhabitants. The area north of the river Yarmouk remained largely demilitarized, with the Franks receiving the castles of al-Munaitirah and [[Gibelacar|Ḥiṣn ibn 'Akkār]], and tribute from castles of [[Masyaf Castle|Masyaf]], [[Krak des Chevaliers|Ḥiṣn al-Akrād]] and Ḥiṣn al-Tūfān.
For most of the twelfth century the Franks maintained an important strongpoint south of the river at the cave fortress of [[Cave de Suète]], replacing the presence sought by the castle of [[Fortress of al-Al|al-Al]].
==References==
Baldwin, Marshall W., and Setton, ''Kenneth M, A History of the Crusades: Volume One, The First Hundred Years'', The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1969, pgs. 522, 542
Devais, Cédric, The Frankish Conquest: a Century of Rupture (1099-1189), in ''Atlas of Jordan'', Myriam Abasa, Presses de l'Ifpo, pgs. 180-183
Devais, Cédric, A Seigneury on the Eastern Border of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: The Terre de Suète, in ''Studies in the Archaeology of the Medieval Mediterranean'', edited by James Schryver, Brill, 2010, on-line, pgs. 71-92
Gibb, N. A. R., Editor, ''The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Extracted and translated from the Chronicle of ibn al-Qalānisi'', Luzac & Company, London, 1932, pg. 93
Kennedy, Hugh, ''Crusader Castles'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, pgs. 40, 52-53
Murray, Alan V. ''The Crusades—An Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2006, pgs. 182, 885
Runciman, Steven, ''A History of the Crusades, Volume Two: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187'', Cambridge University Press, London, 1952, pgs. 95-96
Taef El-Azhari, ''The Seljuks of Syria during the Crusades, 436-459 A.H. (1070-1154 A.D)'', Schwarz, Berlin, 1996, pg. 14.
[[Category:Coele-Syria| ]]
[[Category:Regions of Jordan]]
[[Category:Regions of Syria]]
[[Category:Castles and fortifications of the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in the Near East]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Syria]]
[[Category:Principality of Galilee]]
[[Category:Castles in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Crusader castles]]
During this time an accommodation was reached (which came to be repeatedly renewed by treaty up to the time of Saladin) recognizing the Terre de Suète as a [[Condominium (international law)|condominium]] under the joint sovereignty of Damascus and the kingdom of Jerusalem. The treaty provided that each party took a third of the produce and revenues of [[Coele-Syria]], with the remainder going to its inhabitants. The area north of the river Yarmouk remained largely demilitarized, with the Franks receiving the castles of al-Munaitirah and [[Gibelacar|Ḥiṣn ibn 'Akkār]], and tribute from castles of [[Masyaf Castle|Masyaf]], [[Krak des Chevaliers|Ḥiṣn al-Akrād]] and Ḥiṣn al-Tūfān.
For most of the twelfth century the Franks maintained an important strongpoint south of the river at the cave fortress of [[Cave de Suète]], replacing the presence sought by the castle of [[Fortress of al-Al|al-Al]].
==References==
Baldwin, Marshall W., and Setton, ''Kenneth M, A History of the Crusades: Volume One, The First Hundred Years'', The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1969, pgs. 522, 542
Devais, Cédric, The Frankish Conquest: a Century of Rupture (1099-1189), in ''Atlas of Jordan'', Myriam Abasa, Presses de l'Ifpo, pgs. 180-183
Devais, Cédric, A Seigneury on the Eastern Border of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: The Terre de Suète, in ''Studies in the Archaeology of the Medieval Mediterranean'', edited by James Schryver, Brill, 2010, on-line, pgs. 71-92
Gibb, N. A. R., Editor, ''The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Extracted and translated from the Chronicle of ibn al-Qalānisi'', Luzac & Company, London, 1932, pg. 93
Kennedy, Hugh, ''Crusader Castles'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, pgs. 40, 52-53
Murray, Alan V. ''The Crusades—An Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, 2006, pgs. 182, 885
Runciman, Steven, ''A History of the Crusades, Volume Two: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187'', Cambridge University Press, London, 1952, pgs. 95-96
Taef El-Azhari, ''The Seljuks of Syria during the Crusades, 436-459 A.H. (1070-1154 A.D)'', Schwarz, Berlin, 1996, pg. 14.
[[Category:Coele-Syria| ]]
[[Category:Regions of Jordan]]
[[Category:Regions of Syria]]
[[Category:Castles and fortifications of the Kingdom of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in the Near East]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Syria]]
[[Category:Principality of Galilee]]
[[Category:Castles in Lebanon]]
[[Category:Crusader castles]]
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