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Last battle on British soil
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There are several contenders for the title of '''last battle on British''' or '''English soil''', depending largely on how you define [[battle]] and how you classify various events.
[[File:Battle of Sedgemoor memorial stone - geograph.org.uk - 958895.jpg|thumb|A memorial stone to the Battle of Sedgemoor, one of the contenders for the last battle on English soil]]
Below is a chronological list of events that have a claim to being the last battle on British or English soil or a related title:
* [[Battle of Sedgemoor]], Somerset, England, 6 July 1685. The final battle of the [[Monmouth Rebellion]], is often cited as the last battle on English soil.<ref></ref> Although the local museum makes the lesser claim that it was the last the "major battle" on English soil "when Englishmen took up arms against fellow Englishmen."<ref></ref>
* [[Battle of Preston (1715)|Battle of Preston]], Lancashire, England, 9–14 November 1715. Fought during the [[Jacobite Rising of 1715]]. Claimed by some sources to be the last major battle to be fought on English soil,<ref></ref> other authors regard it as a siege rather than a battle.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Clifton Moor Skirmish]], Westmorland (now Cumbria), England, 18 December 1745. Also known as "The Battle of Clifton Moor", this was the last action of the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]] to take place in England, and the last time English and Scottish armies clashed on English soil, but it is debated whether this counts as a full battle or just a "skirmish".<ref></ref><ref></ref>
* [[Battle of Culloden]], Scotland, 16 April 1746. The final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745, this was the last large scale pitched battle fought on British soil, and in many sources the last battle of any sought fought in Great Britain.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Fishguard]], Wales, 22–24 February 1797. The most recent landing on British soil by a hostile foreign force, and thus is often referred to as the "last invasion of Britain".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Bossenden Wood]], Kent, England, 31 May 1838. The battle, if it was such - some sources refer to it as an "armed rising", was fought between a small group of labourers from the local area and a detachment of soldiers sent from Canterbury to arrest the labourers' leader.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Graveney Marsh]], Kent, England, 27 September 1940. The last ground engagement involving a foreign force to take place on the mainland of [[Great Britain]], was an encounter between the crew of a downed German aircraft and British soldiers training nearby.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Orgreave]], South Yorkshire, England, 18 June 1984. A violent confrontation between police and pickets at a British Steel coking plant in Orgreave, South Yorkshire. It was a pivotal event in the 1984–85 UK miners' strike, and one of the most violent clashes in British industrial history. Historian [[Tristram Hunt]] (a former Labour MP) has described the confrontation as "almost medieval in its choreography ... at various stages a siege, a battle, a chase, a rout and, finally, a brutal example of legalised state violence".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of the Beanfield]], Wiltshire, England, 1 June 1985. A violent encounter between [[Wiltshire Police]] and The [[Peace Convoy]], a convoy of several hundred [[New Age travellers]]. The police were enforcing a High Court Injunction prohibiting the 1985 Stonehenge Free Festival taking place.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Although the common name calls this a battle, it was a [[police riot]] rather than a battle in the traditional sense.
==See also==
*[[Battle of Britain]] an air battle over the south east of the United Kingdom during World War II.
==References==
[[Category:Lists of battles]]
[[Category:Military history of the United Kingdom]]
There are several contenders for the title of '''last battle on British''' or '''English soil''', depending largely on how you define [[battle]] and how you classify various events.
[[File:Battle of Sedgemoor memorial stone - geograph.org.uk - 958895.jpg|thumb|A memorial stone to the Battle of Sedgemoor, one of the contenders for the last battle on English soil]]
Below is a chronological list of events that have a claim to being the last battle on British or English soil or a related title:
* [[Battle of Sedgemoor]], Somerset, England, 6 July 1685. The final battle of the [[Monmouth Rebellion]], is often cited as the last battle on English soil.<ref></ref> Although the local museum makes the lesser claim that it was the last the "major battle" on English soil "when Englishmen took up arms against fellow Englishmen."<ref></ref>
* [[Battle of Preston (1715)|Battle of Preston]], Lancashire, England, 9–14 November 1715. Fought during the [[Jacobite Rising of 1715]]. Claimed by some sources to be the last major battle to be fought on English soil,<ref></ref> other authors regard it as a siege rather than a battle.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Clifton Moor Skirmish]], Westmorland (now Cumbria), England, 18 December 1745. Also known as "The Battle of Clifton Moor", this was the last action of the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]] to take place in England, and the last time English and Scottish armies clashed on English soil, but it is debated whether this counts as a full battle or just a "skirmish".<ref></ref><ref></ref>
* [[Battle of Culloden]], Scotland, 16 April 1746. The final confrontation of the Jacobite rising of 1745, this was the last large scale pitched battle fought on British soil, and in many sources the last battle of any sought fought in Great Britain.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Fishguard]], Wales, 22–24 February 1797. The most recent landing on British soil by a hostile foreign force, and thus is often referred to as the "last invasion of Britain".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Bossenden Wood]], Kent, England, 31 May 1838. The battle, if it was such - some sources refer to it as an "armed rising", was fought between a small group of labourers from the local area and a detachment of soldiers sent from Canterbury to arrest the labourers' leader.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Graveney Marsh]], Kent, England, 27 September 1940. The last ground engagement involving a foreign force to take place on the mainland of [[Great Britain]], was an encounter between the crew of a downed German aircraft and British soldiers training nearby.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of Orgreave]], South Yorkshire, England, 18 June 1984. A violent confrontation between police and pickets at a British Steel coking plant in Orgreave, South Yorkshire. It was a pivotal event in the 1984–85 UK miners' strike, and one of the most violent clashes in British industrial history. Historian [[Tristram Hunt]] (a former Labour MP) has described the confrontation as "almost medieval in its choreography ... at various stages a siege, a battle, a chase, a rout and, finally, a brutal example of legalised state violence".<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref><ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref>
* [[Battle of the Beanfield]], Wiltshire, England, 1 June 1985. A violent encounter between [[Wiltshire Police]] and The [[Peace Convoy]], a convoy of several hundred [[New Age travellers]]. The police were enforcing a High Court Injunction prohibiting the 1985 Stonehenge Free Festival taking place.<ref>Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)</ref> Although the common name calls this a battle, it was a [[police riot]] rather than a battle in the traditional sense.
==See also==
*[[Battle of Britain]] an air battle over the south east of the United Kingdom during World War II.
==References==
[[Category:Lists of battles]]
[[Category:Military history of the United Kingdom]]
https://ift.tt/2uFYiJC
