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Jean-Michel Picart
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[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still life of a basket of flowers and a mound of fruit on a sculpted stone table, partly covered.jpg|thumb|275px|''Still life of a basket of flowers and a mound of fruit on a sculpted stone table, partly covered '']]
'''Jean-Michel Picart''' or '''Jean-Michel Picard'''<ref>Alternative spellings: Jean Michel Picart, Jean Michel Picart, Jean Picart, Jean Picard</ref> ([[Antwerp]], c. 1600 – Paris, 24 November 1682) was a [[Flemish]] [[still life]] [[painter]] and [[art dealer]] active in France. After training in Antwerp, he moved to Paris where he had a brilliant career and became [[court painter]] to king [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. He is known for his flower and fruit still lifes.<ref name=rk>[https://ift.tt/2OxhNgH Jean-Michel Picart] at the [[Netherlands Institute for Art History]] </ref> He was together with [[Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer]] one of the most successful still life painters in France in his time.<ref>[https://ift.tt/2AoMIse Jean-Michel Picart, ''Floral still life with a snail and butterfly''] at Lempertz</ref> As an art dealer he was a link between Antwerp dealers and the Paris market.<ref name=mic>Michael North, David Ormrod, ''Markets for Art, 1400-1800'', Universidad de Sevilla, 1998, p. 114</ref>
==Life==
Little is known about the life of the artist. He was likely born in Antwerp around the year 1600.<ref name=rk/> The original name of the artist has not been preserved. He adopted a French form of his Flemish name after he moved to France. There is no record of his registration with the Antwerp [[Guild of Saint Luke]].<ref name=lig>[https://ift.tt/2mZidzQ Ph. Rombouts and Th. van Lerius, De liggeren en andere historische archieven der Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde] Volume 2, Antwerp, 1864, on [[Google books]] </ref>
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Floral still life with a snail and butterfly.jpg|thumb|260px|left|''Floral still life with a snail and butterfly'']]
Jean-Michel Picart left Antwerp and moved to Paris where he is recorded from the 1630s. He was an active member of the community of painters of Flemish origin who had settled in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. He was active as a flower painter and enjoyed the patronage of [[Henri, Duke of Verneuil|Gaston Henri de Bourbon]], the nominal bishop of Metz and later Duke of Verneuil.<ref name=sot>[https://ift.tt/2AoMnFY Jean-Michel Picart, ''Bouquet of flowers with poppies, roses, tulips, narcissi, cyclamen, and hydrangeas in a lapis vase with butterflies on a stone ledge''] at Sotheby's</ref> By 1638, Picart had become one of the most prominent figures among the community of still life painters from Flanders and Holland who had settled in Paris.<ref name=port>[https://ift.tt/2mZieDU Jean-Michel Picart, ''Still Life of Flowers and Fruit''] at the Portland Art Museum</ref> In 1640, Picart was admitted to the [[Académie de Saint-Luc]] (Academy of Saint Luke), the guild of painters and sculptors of Paris.<ref name=sot/>
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still Life of Flowers and Fruit.jpg|thumb|260px|''Still life of flowers and fruit'']]
The French chronicler [[André Félibien]] described Picart in his 1666-8 treatise ''Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des plus excellents peintres anciens et modernes'' as one of the important artists of his time who ran a workshop of painter copyists hailing mostly from Flanders or the Dutch Republic.<ref name=sop>[https://ift.tt/2AoMPnE Jean-Michel Picart, ''Still life of a basket of flowers and a mound of fruit on a sculpted stone table, partly covered''] at Sotheby's</ref> Picart was renowned for his activity as a merchant of original works and copies. He dealt in Dutch and Flemish landscapes, hunting scenes by [[Frans Snyders]] and small religious compositions.<ref name=sot/> As an art dealer he was also sought out for his specialist expertise. For instance, on the occasion of the death of [[Henrietta of England]] he was called upon as an expert.<ref name=mam/> As an art dealer he remained in contact with Antwerp art dealers such as [[Matthijs Musson]].<ref>Debra Cashion, Henry Luttikhuizen, Ashley West, ''The Primacy of the Image in Northern European Art, 1400-1700: Essays in Honor of Larry Silver'', BRILL, 2017, p. 488</ref> Correspondence between the two art dealers shows that Picart would inform Musson of prevailing preferences in the Paris art market and Musson would then organise for the making of the pictures that fit with those preferences.<ref name=mic/>
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Carnations and other flowers in a bronze vase.jpg|thumb|left|230px|''Carnations and other flowers in a bronze vase'']]
Jean-Michel Picart married and became widowed three times. His fist wife was Marie Marguillier with whom he had a son in 1636. He married a second time on 15 November 1640 to Jeanne Cholin, who was buried on 15 June 1644. A daughter was born from this union.<ref name=ge>[https://ift.tt/2mZifaW Family details] on geneanet</ref> His last marriage with Marie Richard contracted in 1645 lasted for 35 years and produced four daughters and two sons.<ref name=ge/><ref>Peter Mitchell, ''Great flower painters: four centuries of floral art'', Overlook Press, 17 September 1973, pp. 201-202</ref> The documents regarding his civil status on the occasion of his marriages or those of his relatives give an insight into the life of the artist. Starting from his second marriage, he built strong relationships with the local stonecutters, jewelers and engravers of fine stones. He was the father-in-law of the portraitist [[Jacques d'Agar]], who had studied with the Flemish painter [[Jacob Ferdinand Voet]] and later became portrait painter to the court of Denmark.<ref name=mam>[https://ift.tt/2ApSTwb Jean-Michel Picart, ''Fleurs dans une urne sculptée''] at the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole </ref> Another daughter married the miniature painter Sylvain Bonnet in 1672.<ref name=far>Michel Faré, ''Le grand siècle de la nature morte en France: le 17e siècle'', Office du livre, 1974, p. 94 </ref> The Flemish painter [[Philippe de Champaigne]] and the French flower painter [[Nicolas Baudesson]] as well as magistrates and officers appear in various notarial deeds relating to Picart. This confirms the social rise of the artist.<ref name=mam/>
In 1651, Picart became a member of the [[Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture]]. Later he was named by king Louis XIV 'Peintre du Roy' (Painter to the King) in 1671, then 'peintre ordinaire du roi' (ordinary painter to the king) from 1679 to 1682.<ref name=fre>[https://ift.tt/2mXg0EL Jean-Michel Picart, ''Fleurs dans une carafe''] at Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole </ref> Picart painted still lifes for the king of which at least seven were on display at the [[Palace of Versailles]] and another eight at the king's smaller retreat [[Château de Marly]].<ref name=sop/>
The artist was active in Paris until his death on 24 November 1682.<ref name=rk/>
==Work==
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze.jpg|thumb|''Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze'']]
Only a few of Picart's works are dated. A [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Bouquet of flowers with poppies, roses, tulips, narcissi, cyclamen, and hydrangeas in a lapis vase with butterflies on a stone ledge.jpg|''Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze'']] (1648, [[Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon]]).<ref>[https://ift.tt/2AoMAZM Jean-Michel Picart, ''Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze''], Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon is a rare signed and dated work.</ref> According to Curt Benedict, it was the [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still life of flowers in a glass vase.jpg|''Still life of flowers in a glass vase'']] of the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole, which allowed the French art historian [[Michel Faré]] to reconstitue the artist's oeuvre and and restore a certain number of works to Picart.<ref name=fre/>
Picart's style stayed generally close to the contemporary style of flower painting practised in Antwerp, especially that of [[Jan van Kessel the Elder]].<ref>Christopher Wright, ''The French painters of the seventeenth century'', Orbis, 1985, p. 241</ref> His early work such as the [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Fruit still life with grapes and peaches.jpg|''Fruit still life with grapes and peaches'']] (c. 1635, [[Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe]]) follows an archaic type.<ref name=charles>Charles Sterling, ''Still life painting: from antiquity to the twentieth century'', Harper & Row, 1981, p. 106</ref> Later he was able to combine the simplicity of Flemish realism with its painstaking attention to detail and the need for more extravagant, lush floral arrangements at the court of Louis XIV.<ref name=dor>[https://ift.tt/2n05FrS Jean-Michel Picart, ''Still life with spring flowers on a ledge''] at Dorotheum</ref>
The artist was particularly skilled in creating subtly different harmonics, a feature that would mark French still-life painting.<ref name=port/> Picart liked to use dramatic lighting to bring his flower pieces to life.<ref name=chris>[https://ift.tt/2Artrql Jean-Michel Picart, ''Carnations and other flowers in a bronze vase''] at Christie's</ref> His ability to render every detail meticulously can be seen in the [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still life with spring flowers on a ledge.jpg|''Still life with spring flowers on a ledge'']] (early 1650s, at Dorotheum Vienna on 25 April 2017, lot 93) in which he carefully depicts the defects on the fruit peel as well as the withering leaves and the rich cloth covering the table and the curtains in the background.<ref name=dor/> The symbolism in these flower pieces (such as withering flowers) has been interpreted by some art historians as references to the transience of life.<ref name=chris/>
==References==
==External links==
*
[[Category:1600 births]]
[[Category:1682 deaths]]
[[Category:Flemish Baroque painters]]
[[Category:Flemish still life painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Antwerp]]
[[Category:Court painters]]
[[Category:Members of the Paris Guild of Saint Luke]]
[[[[Category:Members of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture]]
'''Jean-Michel Picart''' or '''Jean-Michel Picard'''<ref>Alternative spellings: Jean Michel Picart, Jean Michel Picart, Jean Picart, Jean Picard</ref> ([[Antwerp]], c. 1600 – Paris, 24 November 1682) was a [[Flemish]] [[still life]] [[painter]] and [[art dealer]] active in France. After training in Antwerp, he moved to Paris where he had a brilliant career and became [[court painter]] to king [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. He is known for his flower and fruit still lifes.<ref name=rk>[https://ift.tt/2OxhNgH Jean-Michel Picart] at the [[Netherlands Institute for Art History]] </ref> He was together with [[Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer]] one of the most successful still life painters in France in his time.<ref>[https://ift.tt/2AoMIse Jean-Michel Picart, ''Floral still life with a snail and butterfly''] at Lempertz</ref> As an art dealer he was a link between Antwerp dealers and the Paris market.<ref name=mic>Michael North, David Ormrod, ''Markets for Art, 1400-1800'', Universidad de Sevilla, 1998, p. 114</ref>
==Life==
Little is known about the life of the artist. He was likely born in Antwerp around the year 1600.<ref name=rk/> The original name of the artist has not been preserved. He adopted a French form of his Flemish name after he moved to France. There is no record of his registration with the Antwerp [[Guild of Saint Luke]].<ref name=lig>[https://ift.tt/2mZidzQ Ph. Rombouts and Th. van Lerius, De liggeren en andere historische archieven der Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde] Volume 2, Antwerp, 1864, on [[Google books]] </ref>
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Floral still life with a snail and butterfly.jpg|thumb|260px|left|''Floral still life with a snail and butterfly'']]
Jean-Michel Picart left Antwerp and moved to Paris where he is recorded from the 1630s. He was an active member of the community of painters of Flemish origin who had settled in [[Saint-Germain-des-Prés]]. He was active as a flower painter and enjoyed the patronage of [[Henri, Duke of Verneuil|Gaston Henri de Bourbon]], the nominal bishop of Metz and later Duke of Verneuil.<ref name=sot>[https://ift.tt/2AoMnFY Jean-Michel Picart, ''Bouquet of flowers with poppies, roses, tulips, narcissi, cyclamen, and hydrangeas in a lapis vase with butterflies on a stone ledge''] at Sotheby's</ref> By 1638, Picart had become one of the most prominent figures among the community of still life painters from Flanders and Holland who had settled in Paris.<ref name=port>[https://ift.tt/2mZieDU Jean-Michel Picart, ''Still Life of Flowers and Fruit''] at the Portland Art Museum</ref> In 1640, Picart was admitted to the [[Académie de Saint-Luc]] (Academy of Saint Luke), the guild of painters and sculptors of Paris.<ref name=sot/>
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still Life of Flowers and Fruit.jpg|thumb|260px|''Still life of flowers and fruit'']]
The French chronicler [[André Félibien]] described Picart in his 1666-8 treatise ''Entretiens sur les vies et sur les ouvrages des plus excellents peintres anciens et modernes'' as one of the important artists of his time who ran a workshop of painter copyists hailing mostly from Flanders or the Dutch Republic.<ref name=sop>[https://ift.tt/2AoMPnE Jean-Michel Picart, ''Still life of a basket of flowers and a mound of fruit on a sculpted stone table, partly covered''] at Sotheby's</ref> Picart was renowned for his activity as a merchant of original works and copies. He dealt in Dutch and Flemish landscapes, hunting scenes by [[Frans Snyders]] and small religious compositions.<ref name=sot/> As an art dealer he was also sought out for his specialist expertise. For instance, on the occasion of the death of [[Henrietta of England]] he was called upon as an expert.<ref name=mam/> As an art dealer he remained in contact with Antwerp art dealers such as [[Matthijs Musson]].<ref>Debra Cashion, Henry Luttikhuizen, Ashley West, ''The Primacy of the Image in Northern European Art, 1400-1700: Essays in Honor of Larry Silver'', BRILL, 2017, p. 488</ref> Correspondence between the two art dealers shows that Picart would inform Musson of prevailing preferences in the Paris art market and Musson would then organise for the making of the pictures that fit with those preferences.<ref name=mic/>
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Carnations and other flowers in a bronze vase.jpg|thumb|left|230px|''Carnations and other flowers in a bronze vase'']]
Jean-Michel Picart married and became widowed three times. His fist wife was Marie Marguillier with whom he had a son in 1636. He married a second time on 15 November 1640 to Jeanne Cholin, who was buried on 15 June 1644. A daughter was born from this union.<ref name=ge>[https://ift.tt/2mZifaW Family details] on geneanet</ref> His last marriage with Marie Richard contracted in 1645 lasted for 35 years and produced four daughters and two sons.<ref name=ge/><ref>Peter Mitchell, ''Great flower painters: four centuries of floral art'', Overlook Press, 17 September 1973, pp. 201-202</ref> The documents regarding his civil status on the occasion of his marriages or those of his relatives give an insight into the life of the artist. Starting from his second marriage, he built strong relationships with the local stonecutters, jewelers and engravers of fine stones. He was the father-in-law of the portraitist [[Jacques d'Agar]], who had studied with the Flemish painter [[Jacob Ferdinand Voet]] and later became portrait painter to the court of Denmark.<ref name=mam>[https://ift.tt/2ApSTwb Jean-Michel Picart, ''Fleurs dans une urne sculptée''] at the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole </ref> Another daughter married the miniature painter Sylvain Bonnet in 1672.<ref name=far>Michel Faré, ''Le grand siècle de la nature morte en France: le 17e siècle'', Office du livre, 1974, p. 94 </ref> The Flemish painter [[Philippe de Champaigne]] and the French flower painter [[Nicolas Baudesson]] as well as magistrates and officers appear in various notarial deeds relating to Picart. This confirms the social rise of the artist.<ref name=mam/>
In 1651, Picart became a member of the [[Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture]]. Later he was named by king Louis XIV 'Peintre du Roy' (Painter to the King) in 1671, then 'peintre ordinaire du roi' (ordinary painter to the king) from 1679 to 1682.<ref name=fre>[https://ift.tt/2mXg0EL Jean-Michel Picart, ''Fleurs dans une carafe''] at Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole </ref> Picart painted still lifes for the king of which at least seven were on display at the [[Palace of Versailles]] and another eight at the king's smaller retreat [[Château de Marly]].<ref name=sop/>
The artist was active in Paris until his death on 24 November 1682.<ref name=rk/>
==Work==
[[File:Jean-Michel Picart - Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze.jpg|thumb|''Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze'']]
Only a few of Picart's works are dated. A [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Bouquet of flowers with poppies, roses, tulips, narcissi, cyclamen, and hydrangeas in a lapis vase with butterflies on a stone ledge.jpg|''Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze'']] (1648, [[Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon]]).<ref>[https://ift.tt/2AoMAZM Jean-Michel Picart, ''Bouquet of flowers in a vase decorated with gilt bronze''], Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon is a rare signed and dated work.</ref> According to Curt Benedict, it was the [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still life of flowers in a glass vase.jpg|''Still life of flowers in a glass vase'']] of the Musée d'art moderne et contemporain de Saint-Étienne Métropole, which allowed the French art historian [[Michel Faré]] to reconstitue the artist's oeuvre and and restore a certain number of works to Picart.<ref name=fre/>
Picart's style stayed generally close to the contemporary style of flower painting practised in Antwerp, especially that of [[Jan van Kessel the Elder]].<ref>Christopher Wright, ''The French painters of the seventeenth century'', Orbis, 1985, p. 241</ref> His early work such as the [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Fruit still life with grapes and peaches.jpg|''Fruit still life with grapes and peaches'']] (c. 1635, [[Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe]]) follows an archaic type.<ref name=charles>Charles Sterling, ''Still life painting: from antiquity to the twentieth century'', Harper & Row, 1981, p. 106</ref> Later he was able to combine the simplicity of Flemish realism with its painstaking attention to detail and the need for more extravagant, lush floral arrangements at the court of Louis XIV.<ref name=dor>[https://ift.tt/2n05FrS Jean-Michel Picart, ''Still life with spring flowers on a ledge''] at Dorotheum</ref>
The artist was particularly skilled in creating subtly different harmonics, a feature that would mark French still-life painting.<ref name=port/> Picart liked to use dramatic lighting to bring his flower pieces to life.<ref name=chris>[https://ift.tt/2Artrql Jean-Michel Picart, ''Carnations and other flowers in a bronze vase''] at Christie's</ref> His ability to render every detail meticulously can be seen in the [[:File:Jean-Michel Picart - Still life with spring flowers on a ledge.jpg|''Still life with spring flowers on a ledge'']] (early 1650s, at Dorotheum Vienna on 25 April 2017, lot 93) in which he carefully depicts the defects on the fruit peel as well as the withering leaves and the rich cloth covering the table and the curtains in the background.<ref name=dor/> The symbolism in these flower pieces (such as withering flowers) has been interpreted by some art historians as references to the transience of life.<ref name=chris/>
==References==
==External links==
*
[[Category:1600 births]]
[[Category:1682 deaths]]
[[Category:Flemish Baroque painters]]
[[Category:Flemish still life painters]]
[[Category:Artists from Antwerp]]
[[Category:Court painters]]
[[Category:Members of the Paris Guild of Saint Luke]]
[[[[Category:Members of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture]]
https://ift.tt/2AoMilE
