新規更新April 03, 2018 at 01:56PM
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Yarn engineering
Jcpate95: rough draft, still needs editing. briefly described types and classification of yarn. finished introduction and began the manufacturing process section
Yarn engineering is the process of constructing yarns utilizing procedures designed to change the desired properties of the yarn itself. Conventionally, the textile industry has leaned towards a more experienced based and technological approach to making yarn; however, an engineering approach can provide an alternate viewpoint and wisdom that can possibly be overlooked by other methods. The specifics of this approach are geared toward optimization of cost and utility of the fabric being made.
Yarns are possibly the most versatile [[Fiber|fibers]] used in fabric making. The ways in which they are put together as well as their individual properties determines the properties that they possess as a final product. The process of manufacturing yarn is a complex one and each step in this process can change the [[porosity]], thinness, and flexibility of the final fabric. The steps are comprised of carding, combing, drawing out, twisting, and spinning.
=== Yarn Classifications ===
Yarns are either synthetic of naturally made from fibers. There are differences between the two and one type may be chosen over another depending on the manufacturer and what they are looking for in their product. The two most common classifications in yarn making are staple spun and continuous filament yarn. Staple spun yarn consists of fibers that have restricted lengths and can be divided into the two subcategories of short and long staple. Any fiber with lengths of more than 2 inches crosses over into the long staple category.
==== Synthetic ====
Synthetic fibers are much easier to handle and the process for making them requires much less energy and time. Most synthetic fibers are continuous filaments and made in chemical factories.
* Polyesters-Durable fibers resistant to stretching and shrinking and often using in clothing.
* Rayons-Thin fibers made from cellulose used to make comfortable feeling clothes.
* Nylons-Complex synthetic fiber that has myriads of uses. Properties differ depending on manufacturing methods.
==== Natural ====
Natural fibers normally fall into the staple spun category and require much more experience and time to manufacture. Vast technological advancements have continued to make manufacturing natural fibers simpler and has contributed to them still being viable resources.
* Cotton-The most commonly used staple spun yarn. Used in clothing, coffee filters, book binding, etc.
* Wool-Another common [[textile]] that must go through a purification process involving the removal of animal fat and plant based matter before being made into yarn at a spinning mill.
* Silk-The only natural continuous filament fiber. It has gained its reputation as being soft and comfortable. It is produced by special worms and cultivated on farms.
There are other fibers that can fall into the natural and synthetic categories. These are the most common fibers used today and are provided as exemplary fibers.
=== Manufacturing Process ===
As stated above, each step in the process of making fiber into yarn is unique and can contribute different properties to the yarn. These steps are carding, combing, drawing out, twisting, and spinning.
=== References(informal) ===
Yarn Engineering: https://ift.tt/2GSj1lt
https://ift.tt/2EclFx7
Fundamentals of Yarn Tech: https://ift.tt/2GP5rPK
Classification of fibers: https://ift.tt/2EffSXL
Gries, Thomas, et al. Textile Technology : An Introduction. vol. 2nd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2014
Manufacturing: https://ift.tt/2GRvwxy
Yarns are possibly the most versatile [[Fiber|fibers]] used in fabric making. The ways in which they are put together as well as their individual properties determines the properties that they possess as a final product. The process of manufacturing yarn is a complex one and each step in this process can change the [[porosity]], thinness, and flexibility of the final fabric. The steps are comprised of carding, combing, drawing out, twisting, and spinning.
=== Yarn Classifications ===
Yarns are either synthetic of naturally made from fibers. There are differences between the two and one type may be chosen over another depending on the manufacturer and what they are looking for in their product. The two most common classifications in yarn making are staple spun and continuous filament yarn. Staple spun yarn consists of fibers that have restricted lengths and can be divided into the two subcategories of short and long staple. Any fiber with lengths of more than 2 inches crosses over into the long staple category.
==== Synthetic ====
Synthetic fibers are much easier to handle and the process for making them requires much less energy and time. Most synthetic fibers are continuous filaments and made in chemical factories.
* Polyesters-Durable fibers resistant to stretching and shrinking and often using in clothing.
* Rayons-Thin fibers made from cellulose used to make comfortable feeling clothes.
* Nylons-Complex synthetic fiber that has myriads of uses. Properties differ depending on manufacturing methods.
==== Natural ====
Natural fibers normally fall into the staple spun category and require much more experience and time to manufacture. Vast technological advancements have continued to make manufacturing natural fibers simpler and has contributed to them still being viable resources.
* Cotton-The most commonly used staple spun yarn. Used in clothing, coffee filters, book binding, etc.
* Wool-Another common [[textile]] that must go through a purification process involving the removal of animal fat and plant based matter before being made into yarn at a spinning mill.
* Silk-The only natural continuous filament fiber. It has gained its reputation as being soft and comfortable. It is produced by special worms and cultivated on farms.
There are other fibers that can fall into the natural and synthetic categories. These are the most common fibers used today and are provided as exemplary fibers.
=== Manufacturing Process ===
As stated above, each step in the process of making fiber into yarn is unique and can contribute different properties to the yarn. These steps are carding, combing, drawing out, twisting, and spinning.
=== References(informal) ===
Yarn Engineering: https://ift.tt/2GSj1lt
https://ift.tt/2EclFx7
Fundamentals of Yarn Tech: https://ift.tt/2GP5rPK
Classification of fibers: https://ift.tt/2EffSXL
Gries, Thomas, et al. Textile Technology : An Introduction. vol. 2nd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2014
Manufacturing: https://ift.tt/2GRvwxy
https://ift.tt/2JeUnKf
