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Susanna Corder
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[[File:Susanna Corder portrait.jpg|thumb|right|Susanna Corder]]
'''Susanna Corder''' (1787 – 28 February 1864) was an educationist and [[Quakers|Quaker]] [[Biography|biographer]].
Corder was born in [[Stoke Newington]] in [[Middlesex]], the daughter of [[Quakers]] Ruth ''née'' Marriage and John Corder. A sickly child, she attended [[Ackworth School]] in Yorkshire (1797-1799). Aged about 20 having passed though a period of spiritual doubt Corder underwent a religious revival. Having felt a calling to be a teacher for some years, after the death of her mother who she nursed in her last years Corder embarked on that course, teaching at Suir Island School, later known as the Clonmel School, a Quaker establishment in [[Ireland]]. Corder remined here from 1817 to 1824. The school had been set up by [[Sarah Tuke Grubb]] (1756–1790) and her husband Robert, who travelled extensively in Europe as missionaries.<ref>Anna Cox Brinton. ''Then and now; Quaker essays: historical and contemporary, by friends of Henry Joel Cadbury on his completion of twenty-two years as chairman of the American Friends Service Committee''. Ayer Publishing, 1970, 352 pages, p210</ref> Sarah Grubb "believed that children needed both discipline and respect and should be taught useful skills.".<ref>Gil Skidmore. ''Strength in weakness: writings of eighteenth-century Quaker women''. Rowman Altamira, 2003 - 187 pages. p85</ref>
On returning to England in 1824 and with the assistance of the Quaker scientist and abolitionist [[William Allen (Quaker)|William Allen]] and his third wife [[Grizell Hoare|Grizell]] (1757–1835)<ref>David Mander. ''Look Back, Look Forward: an illustrated history of Stoke Newington''. Sutton Publishing and the London Borough of Hackney, 1997, cited in [https://ift.tt/19W3x67 Quaker history page] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Corder opened [[Newington Academy for Girls]] in her native [[Stoke Newington]], the organisation of which she based on the school in Ireland she had recently left.<ref name=ODNB>Corder, Susanna (1787–1864) - Rosemary Mitchell https://ift.tt/2OOnQj0 Published in print: 23 September 2004 Published online: 23 September 2004</ref> Newington Academy for Girls issued its first prospectus on 14 August 1824 and it began taking pupils shortly thereafter. Corder was the headmistress of the new school, other founders of which included Anna Hanbury, mother of [[Sir Thomas Buxton, 1st Baronet]], [[Luke Howard]], pharmacist and metereologist, Edward Harris, father-in-law of [[Alfred Tylor]], and [[Samuel Gurney (1786–1856)|Samuel Gurney]], banker.<ref>Adam John Shirren. ''The chronicles of Fleetwood House''. Pacesetter Press, 1951.</ref>
The first prospectus proposed "an Establishment in our religious society on a plan in degree differing from any hitherto adopted, wherein the children of Friends should not only be liberally instructed in the Elements of useful knowledge, but in which particular attention should be paid to the state of mind of each individual child".<ref>Shirren, Fleetwood House p.159, cited in [https://ift.tt/2qqTfi8 Quaker history page] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> According to ''Fleetwood House'', "It started with twelve pupils, but more than doubled in three years. Subjects included Astronomy, Physics, and Chemistry, which were taught by William Allen; the languages available included Latin, Greek, German and Italian as well as French."<ref>Shirren, Fleetwood House p.160, cited in [https://ift.tt/2qqTfi8 Quaker history page] Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (given 1, expected 2)</ref> Allen hired the poet and revolutionary [[Ugo Foscolo]] to teach Italian, according to the ''History of the County of Middlesex''<ref>A P Baggs, Diane K Bolton and Patricia E C Croot, 'Stoke Newington: Education', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 8, Islington and Stoke Newington Parishes, ed. T F T Baker and C R Elrington (London, 1985), pp. 217-223. British History Online https://ift.tt/386RVly [accessed 18 March 2016].</ref> William Allen also made his telescope available for the use of the girls.<ref name=ODNB/> In 1827 the varied curriculum available at [[Newington Academy for Girls]] was referenced in some [[doggerel]] verses by [[Joseph Pease (railway pioneer)|Joseph Pease]] who commented on the 'astounding variety of stores intellectual imbibed by pupils at the "N[ewington] Nunnery".<ref name=ODNB/>
Discipline at the school was strict. Deeply conservatism in her own religious faith, Corder imposed this view on her school. She herself wore traditional Quaker dress and adopted this as the uniform for the girls in her school who had to wear Quaker bonnets among other items of dress, leading to much mockery from the girls at a nearby school. Nor were the girls spiritual needs forgotten as they were obliged to attend regular readings from the Scriptures and attend talks on religion given by William Allen and [[Sarah Tuke Grubb]]. School holidays involved visits to the [[British Museum]] and other worthy venues.<ref name=ODNB/>
Corder became an elder of her local [[Meeting house|Meeting House]] shortly after returning to [[Stoke Newington]]. As such in 1836 she was among the co-signatories of a warning letter to John Wilkinson who had caused a schism among the local Quaker community. For 15 years she was on the revising committee of the Morning Meeting. In 1841 Corder published ''A Brief Outline of the Origin, Principles, and Church Government of the Society of Friends'' in which she emphasised her commitment to traditional Quaker dress, manners and teachings.<ref name=ODNB/>
Corder retired sometime between 1840 to 1845 with the closure of [[Newington Academy for Girls]] and moved to [[Chelmsford]] where she spent her last years. It was at this time that she began writing in earnest; she had already published ''Memorials of Deceased Members of the Society of Friends'' which went through at least six revised editions and in which she wrote on the lives of 18th and 19th-century English and American Quakers, commenting on their spiritual lives, their opinions and their religious work - often describing their edifying deaths with some relish. Many of the subjects of the book were little known; one was her own pupil Ann Backhouse, who had died at the age of nineteen. Corder's decision to concentrate on the spiritual lives of her subjects rather than on their careers enabled her to maintain a roughly equal balance of male and female subjects - 27 men and 20 women. Corder wrote an 1853 biography about (and drawing largely on the diaries of) the prison reformer [[Elizabeth Fry]],<ref>''Life of Elizabeth Fry'', W. & F. G. Cash, 1853 - 646 pages</ref> whom she knew well enough to accompany when the prison reformer escorted the [[Frederick William IV of Prussia|King of Prussia]] to see the conditions at [[Newgate Prison|Newgate]] in 1842. Three years later Corder wrote a memoir of Priscilla Gurney, Fry's sister.
Susanna Corder also published ''Christian Instruction in the History, Types, and Prophecies of the Old Testament'' (1854). She also wrote several pamphlets, including one advocating the exercise of spiritual gifts by women (1839).
Susanna Corder died on 28 February 1864 at her home in [[Chelmsford]]<ref>[https://ift.tt/386RWWE England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995 for Susanna Corder - 1864 - Ancestry.com ]</ref> and was buried there on 3 March.
==References==
[[Category:1787 births]]
[[Category:1864 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Stoke Newington]]
[[Category:People educated at Ackworth School]]
[[Category:Quakers]]
https://ift.tt/362nLxS
