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Shams al-Din Isfahani
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'''Shams al-Din Isfahani''' (; died 1249) was an influential [[Persian people|Persian]] statesman and military commander in Medieval [[Anatolia]]. He served as deputy (''na'eb'') to Sultan [[Kaykhusraw II]] (1237-1246) of the [[Seljuk Sultanate of Rum]] and the commander-in-chief of his army. After the formal submission of the Sultanate to the [[Mongol Empire]], he became deputy to the Mongol ruler [[Batu Khan]]
(1227–1255) in Anatolia. He later reached the apex of his power when he became the new [[vizier]] of the Sultanate of Rum, and its ''[[de facto]]'' ruler for some time after Kaykhusraw's death.
==Biography==
After the humiliating defeat at the [[Battle of Köse Dağ]], the Sultanate of Rum had become a property of the [[Mongol Empire]]. The Sultan, Kaykhusraw II, fled in the aftermath of the battle, while the Mongol commander [[Baiju]] destroyed [[Sivas]] and [[Kayseri]]. In the meantime, Kaykhusraw's vizier, [[Muhadhdhab al-Din Ali al-Dailami]], tried to negotiate with Baiju.
Afterwards, the Seljuks sent a diplomatic mission to the Mongol ruler [[Batu Khan]]. This mission was led by Shams al-Din Isfahani, the deputy (''na'eb'') of Kaykhusraw II and the commander-in-chief of the Sultanate's army. Eventually, Batu decided to come to terms; he allowed Kaykhusraw II to stay in "power" as a subject ruler of the Mongols in return for a significant annual tribute. For his efforts, Isfahani was lavishly rewarded; he was made Batu Khan's deputy in Anatolia. When Kaykhusraw's vizier Mohadhdhab al-Din died, Isfahani became the new vizier of the [[Sultanate of Rum]], thus cementing his power over Anatolia.
After Kaykhusraw II died in 1246, Isfahani installed his eldest son, known regnally as [[Kaykaus II]], on the Sultanate's throne. In the meantime, Isfahani appointed his own allies to key positions within the Sultanate's realm. He also married Kaykhusraw's widow, Prodoulia, which reportedly induced condemnation and antipathy from his contemporaries. According to [[Bar Hebraeus]], the two reportedly had a son, about whom nothing is known.
Things were going well for Isfahani, until Mongol ruler [[Güyük Khan]] (1246-1248) decided to confirm Kaykhusraw's 2nd son, known regnally as [[Kilij Arslan IV]], as the new sultan. In all likelihood, Güyük "was probably trying to use this appointment to undermine his rival Batu who had claimed sovereignty over Anatolia".
Isfahani was eventually arrested and murdered in 1249 by supporters of Kilij Arslan IV. He was succeeded by Jalal al-Din Qaratay, one of his former allies.
==References==
==Sources==
*
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
[[Category:1249 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:People of the Sultanate of Rum]]
(1227–1255) in Anatolia. He later reached the apex of his power when he became the new [[vizier]] of the Sultanate of Rum, and its ''[[de facto]]'' ruler for some time after Kaykhusraw's death.
==Biography==
After the humiliating defeat at the [[Battle of Köse Dağ]], the Sultanate of Rum had become a property of the [[Mongol Empire]]. The Sultan, Kaykhusraw II, fled in the aftermath of the battle, while the Mongol commander [[Baiju]] destroyed [[Sivas]] and [[Kayseri]]. In the meantime, Kaykhusraw's vizier, [[Muhadhdhab al-Din Ali al-Dailami]], tried to negotiate with Baiju.
Afterwards, the Seljuks sent a diplomatic mission to the Mongol ruler [[Batu Khan]]. This mission was led by Shams al-Din Isfahani, the deputy (''na'eb'') of Kaykhusraw II and the commander-in-chief of the Sultanate's army. Eventually, Batu decided to come to terms; he allowed Kaykhusraw II to stay in "power" as a subject ruler of the Mongols in return for a significant annual tribute. For his efforts, Isfahani was lavishly rewarded; he was made Batu Khan's deputy in Anatolia. When Kaykhusraw's vizier Mohadhdhab al-Din died, Isfahani became the new vizier of the [[Sultanate of Rum]], thus cementing his power over Anatolia.
After Kaykhusraw II died in 1246, Isfahani installed his eldest son, known regnally as [[Kaykaus II]], on the Sultanate's throne. In the meantime, Isfahani appointed his own allies to key positions within the Sultanate's realm. He also married Kaykhusraw's widow, Prodoulia, which reportedly induced condemnation and antipathy from his contemporaries. According to [[Bar Hebraeus]], the two reportedly had a son, about whom nothing is known.
Things were going well for Isfahani, until Mongol ruler [[Güyük Khan]] (1246-1248) decided to confirm Kaykhusraw's 2nd son, known regnally as [[Kilij Arslan IV]], as the new sultan. In all likelihood, Güyük "was probably trying to use this appointment to undermine his rival Batu who had claimed sovereignty over Anatolia".
Isfahani was eventually arrested and murdered in 1249 by supporters of Kilij Arslan IV. He was succeeded by Jalal al-Din Qaratay, one of his former allies.
==References==
==Sources==
*
* Liquid error: wrong number of arguments (1 for 2)
[[Category:1249 deaths]]
[[Category:13th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:People of the Sultanate of Rum]]
https://ift.tt/2Lb1tAj
