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Sennia gens
P Aculeius: Article on the Sennii.
The '''gens Sennia''' was an obscure [[plebs|plebeian]] family at [[ancient Rome]]. Few members of this [[gens]] are mentioned in history, but others are known from inscriptions.<ref>''PIR'', vol. III, p. 198.</ref>
==Origin==
A large majority of the Sennii are known from inscriptions from various parts of [[Gaul]], suggesting that the family was of [[Gauls|Gallic]] origin.
==Praenomina==
The main [[praenomen|praenomina]] of the Sennii were ''[[Lucius (praenomen)|Lucius]]'', ''[[Gaius (praenomen)|Gaius]]'', and ''[[Marcus (praenomen)|Marcus]]'', the three most common names throughout all periods of Roman history. Less frequently the Sennii employed a variety of other common praenomina, including ''[[Titus (praenomen)|Titus]]'', ''[[Quintus (praenomen)|Quintus]]'', ''[[Sextus (praenomen)|Sextus]]'', and ''[[Decimus (praenomen)|Decimus]]''.
==Members==
* Sennius Sabinus, [[proconsul]] of an unknown province, to whom the emperor [[Hadrian]] gave instructions that slaves accused of a crime should not be tortured in order to obtain a confession, unless already suspected and other evidence obtained, with only a confession wanting. The jurist [[Ulpian]] mentions Hadrian's letter to Sabinus in his ''De Officio Proconsulis''.<ref>''Digesta'', 48. tit. 18. 1. praefatio, 5.</ref>
* Sennius, a mid-second century potter whose workshop was in [[Mancetter|Manduessedum]], formerly part of [[Roman Britain]]. He is known for his [[mortarium|mortaria]], found throughout Britain and [[Gaul]].<ref>, , , , , ''CAG'', 59. 2, pp. 117, 123; 63, 1, p. 252; 80. 1. pp. 133, 142, 163, 206, 220.</ref><ref>"Manduessedum", in ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites''.</ref><ref>Rushworth, ''Housesteads Roman Fort'', p. 532.</ref>
* Titus Sennius Sollemnis, the son of Sollemninus, was one of the municipal [[duumviri|duumvirs]] at [[Vieux, Calvados|Aragenua]] in [[Gallia Lugdunensis]], named in a dedicatory inscription dating to AD 238.<ref>.</ref>
===Undated Sennii===
* Sennia, named in an inscription from [[Cataractonium]] in Britain.<ref>''RIB'', ii. 7, 2501, 501.</ref>
* Sennia, buried at [[Bar-sur-Aube|Segessera]] in Gallia Lugdunensis, with a monument from her father, Sennius Bellicus.<ref name="AE 1965 331">.</ref>
* Marcus Sennius Antius, buried at [[Nîmes|Nemausus]] in [[Gallia Narbonensis]].<ref>.</ref>
* Sennia T. f. Atticilla, dedicated a second-century monument at Rome to her husband, Lucius Statius Epagathus, together with their children, Statia Statorina and Statius Statorinus.<ref>''BCAR'', 1941, 187.</ref>
* Sennius Bellicus, built a monument at Segessera for his daughter, Sennia.<ref name="AE 1965 331"/>
* Titus Sennius Felix, a native of [[Pozzuoli|Puteoli]] in [[Campania]], was a teacher mentioned in in an inscription from [[Lillebonne|Juliobona]] in Gallia Lugdunensis, along with his student, "Amor".<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius L. f. Eularus, a soldier in the sixth cohort of the century of Magnus, buried at Rome in a tomb built by his heir, Julius Candidus.<ref>.</ref>
* Marcus Sennius Fronto, fulfilled a vow made to [[Diana (mythology)|Diana]], according to an inscription found at [[Badenweiler]], formerly part of [[Germania Superior]].<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius Germanus, dedicated a monument at [[Saint-Romain-en-Gal|Vienna]] in Gallia Narbonensis to his son, Lucius Aterius Augustalis.<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius Hermogenes, buried at the present site of [[Bouillargues]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis, aged twenty-two years and seven months, with a monument from his nurse, Titia Epictesis.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennia Hygia, the wife of Titus Vettius Carugenus, who dedicated a monument at Nemausus to her, and to their son, Vettius Severus.<ref>''BCTH'' 1930/31, 300</ref>
* Sennia Hygia, buried at Nemausus.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennia Iulla, the wife of Marcus Sennius Metilius Treverus, a merchant in [[Cisalpine Gaul|Cisalpine]] and [[Gallia Narbonensis|Transalpine Gaul]], buried with her husband at [[Lugdunum]] in Gallia Lugdunensis, in a tomb built by their children.<ref name="CIL 13 2029">.</ref>
* Gaius Sennius Iullus, named in an inscription from Nemausus.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Macer, named in an inscription from [[Poitiers|Limonum]] in [[Gallia Aquitania]].<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Major, buried at [[Mersch|Treveri]] in Gallia Belgica, with a monument from his wife.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Marcianus, named in an inscription found at [[Cran-Gevrier]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Marianus, together with Luccius Marcianus, made an offering to Soio, a river goddess worshipped at [[Soyons|Valentia]] in Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Martius, an [[augur]] named in an inscription dedicated to [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] at the present site of [[Creys-Mépieu]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Marcus Sennius Metilius Treverus, a merchant engaged in trade in Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul, buried at Lugdunum along with his wife, Sennia Iulla, in a tomb built by their children.<ref name="CIL 13 2029"/>
* Quintus Sennius Onesiphorus, buried at Nemausus, with a monument from his mother, Sennia Porpuris.<ref name="CIL 12 3900">.</ref>
* Sennia Porpuris, built a tomb at Nemausus for her son, Quintus Sennius Onesiphorus.<ref name="CIL 12 3900"/>
* Lucius Sennius Primus, buried at [[Beaucaire, Gard|Ugernum]] in Gallia Narbonensis, together with his wife, Messia Dubitata, with a monument from their sons, Lucius Sennius Saturninus, Lucius Sennius Secundus, and Lucius Sennius Servatus.<ref name="CIL 12 2837">.</ref>
* Gaius Sennius Sabinus, made an offering to [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] at [[Geneva|Genava]] in Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius L. f. Saturninus, the son of Lucius Sennius Primus and Messia Dubitata, for whom he and his brothers built a tomb at Ugernum.<ref name="CIL 12 2837"/>
* Gaius Sennius C. f. Sabinus, [[prefect]] of the engineers at a Roman camp near the present site of [[Marigny-Saint-Marcel]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>, , .</ref>
* Sennia Sex. f. Secunda, buried at [[Aigaliers|Ucetia]] in Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius L. f. Secundus, the son of Lucius Sennius Primus and Messia Dubitata, for whom he and his brothers built a tomb at Ugernum.<ref name="CIL 12 2837"/>
* Lucius Sennius L. f. Servatus, the son of Lucius Sennius Primus and Messia Dubitata, for whom he and his brothers built a tomb at Ugernum.<ref name="CIL 12 2837"/>
* Marcus Sennius M. f. Verus, a native of [[Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]] in [[Germania Inferior]], buried at Rome, aged twenty, with a tomb built by Messor.<ref>.</ref>
* Decimus Sennius Vitalis, one of the municipal duumvirs at [[Glevum]] in Britain, in an uncertain year.<ref>''RIB'', ii. 5, 2487, 6, 1–10.</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Roman gentes]]
==References==
==Bibliography==
* ''Digesta'', or ''Pandectae'' ([[Digest (Roman law)|The Digest]]).
* [[Theodor Mommsen]] ''et alii'', ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
* ''Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale in Roma'' (Bulletin of the Municipal Archaeological Commission of Rome, abbreviated ''BCAR''), (1872–present).
* ''Bulletin Archéologique du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' (Archaeological Bulletin of the Committee on Historic and Scientific Works, abbreviated ''BCTH''), Imprimerie Nationale, Paris (1885–1973).
* René Cagnat ''et alii'', ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated ''AE''), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
* [[Paul von Rohden]], [[Elimar Klebs]], & [[Hermann Dessau]], ''[[Prosopographia Imperii Romani]]'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898).
* La Carte Archéologique de la Gaule (Archaeological Map of Gaul, abbreviated ''CAG''), Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1931–present).
* ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites'', Richard Stilwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAlister, eds., Princeton University Press (1976).
* ''The Roman Inscriptions of Britain'' (abbreviated ''RIB''), Oxford, (1990–present).
* Alan Rushworth, ''Housesteads Roman Fort – The Grandest Station: Excavation and Survey at Housesteads, 1954–95'', English Heritage Publishing (2014).
[[Category:Roman gentes]]
==Origin==
A large majority of the Sennii are known from inscriptions from various parts of [[Gaul]], suggesting that the family was of [[Gauls|Gallic]] origin.
==Praenomina==
The main [[praenomen|praenomina]] of the Sennii were ''[[Lucius (praenomen)|Lucius]]'', ''[[Gaius (praenomen)|Gaius]]'', and ''[[Marcus (praenomen)|Marcus]]'', the three most common names throughout all periods of Roman history. Less frequently the Sennii employed a variety of other common praenomina, including ''[[Titus (praenomen)|Titus]]'', ''[[Quintus (praenomen)|Quintus]]'', ''[[Sextus (praenomen)|Sextus]]'', and ''[[Decimus (praenomen)|Decimus]]''.
==Members==
* Sennius Sabinus, [[proconsul]] of an unknown province, to whom the emperor [[Hadrian]] gave instructions that slaves accused of a crime should not be tortured in order to obtain a confession, unless already suspected and other evidence obtained, with only a confession wanting. The jurist [[Ulpian]] mentions Hadrian's letter to Sabinus in his ''De Officio Proconsulis''.<ref>''Digesta'', 48. tit. 18. 1. praefatio, 5.</ref>
* Sennius, a mid-second century potter whose workshop was in [[Mancetter|Manduessedum]], formerly part of [[Roman Britain]]. He is known for his [[mortarium|mortaria]], found throughout Britain and [[Gaul]].<ref>, , , , , ''CAG'', 59. 2, pp. 117, 123; 63, 1, p. 252; 80. 1. pp. 133, 142, 163, 206, 220.</ref><ref>"Manduessedum", in ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites''.</ref><ref>Rushworth, ''Housesteads Roman Fort'', p. 532.</ref>
* Titus Sennius Sollemnis, the son of Sollemninus, was one of the municipal [[duumviri|duumvirs]] at [[Vieux, Calvados|Aragenua]] in [[Gallia Lugdunensis]], named in a dedicatory inscription dating to AD 238.<ref>.</ref>
===Undated Sennii===
* Sennia, named in an inscription from [[Cataractonium]] in Britain.<ref>''RIB'', ii. 7, 2501, 501.</ref>
* Sennia, buried at [[Bar-sur-Aube|Segessera]] in Gallia Lugdunensis, with a monument from her father, Sennius Bellicus.<ref name="AE 1965 331">.</ref>
* Marcus Sennius Antius, buried at [[Nîmes|Nemausus]] in [[Gallia Narbonensis]].<ref>.</ref>
* Sennia T. f. Atticilla, dedicated a second-century monument at Rome to her husband, Lucius Statius Epagathus, together with their children, Statia Statorina and Statius Statorinus.<ref>''BCAR'', 1941, 187.</ref>
* Sennius Bellicus, built a monument at Segessera for his daughter, Sennia.<ref name="AE 1965 331"/>
* Titus Sennius Felix, a native of [[Pozzuoli|Puteoli]] in [[Campania]], was a teacher mentioned in in an inscription from [[Lillebonne|Juliobona]] in Gallia Lugdunensis, along with his student, "Amor".<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius L. f. Eularus, a soldier in the sixth cohort of the century of Magnus, buried at Rome in a tomb built by his heir, Julius Candidus.<ref>.</ref>
* Marcus Sennius Fronto, fulfilled a vow made to [[Diana (mythology)|Diana]], according to an inscription found at [[Badenweiler]], formerly part of [[Germania Superior]].<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius Germanus, dedicated a monument at [[Saint-Romain-en-Gal|Vienna]] in Gallia Narbonensis to his son, Lucius Aterius Augustalis.<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius Hermogenes, buried at the present site of [[Bouillargues]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis, aged twenty-two years and seven months, with a monument from his nurse, Titia Epictesis.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennia Hygia, the wife of Titus Vettius Carugenus, who dedicated a monument at Nemausus to her, and to their son, Vettius Severus.<ref>''BCTH'' 1930/31, 300</ref>
* Sennia Hygia, buried at Nemausus.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennia Iulla, the wife of Marcus Sennius Metilius Treverus, a merchant in [[Cisalpine Gaul|Cisalpine]] and [[Gallia Narbonensis|Transalpine Gaul]], buried with her husband at [[Lugdunum]] in Gallia Lugdunensis, in a tomb built by their children.<ref name="CIL 13 2029">.</ref>
* Gaius Sennius Iullus, named in an inscription from Nemausus.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Macer, named in an inscription from [[Poitiers|Limonum]] in [[Gallia Aquitania]].<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Major, buried at [[Mersch|Treveri]] in Gallia Belgica, with a monument from his wife.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Marcianus, named in an inscription found at [[Cran-Gevrier]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Marianus, together with Luccius Marcianus, made an offering to Soio, a river goddess worshipped at [[Soyons|Valentia]] in Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Sennius Martius, an [[augur]] named in an inscription dedicated to [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] at the present site of [[Creys-Mépieu]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Marcus Sennius Metilius Treverus, a merchant engaged in trade in Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul, buried at Lugdunum along with his wife, Sennia Iulla, in a tomb built by their children.<ref name="CIL 13 2029"/>
* Quintus Sennius Onesiphorus, buried at Nemausus, with a monument from his mother, Sennia Porpuris.<ref name="CIL 12 3900">.</ref>
* Sennia Porpuris, built a tomb at Nemausus for her son, Quintus Sennius Onesiphorus.<ref name="CIL 12 3900"/>
* Lucius Sennius Primus, buried at [[Beaucaire, Gard|Ugernum]] in Gallia Narbonensis, together with his wife, Messia Dubitata, with a monument from their sons, Lucius Sennius Saturninus, Lucius Sennius Secundus, and Lucius Sennius Servatus.<ref name="CIL 12 2837">.</ref>
* Gaius Sennius Sabinus, made an offering to [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] at [[Geneva|Genava]] in Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius L. f. Saturninus, the son of Lucius Sennius Primus and Messia Dubitata, for whom he and his brothers built a tomb at Ugernum.<ref name="CIL 12 2837"/>
* Gaius Sennius C. f. Sabinus, [[prefect]] of the engineers at a Roman camp near the present site of [[Marigny-Saint-Marcel]], formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>, , .</ref>
* Sennia Sex. f. Secunda, buried at [[Aigaliers|Ucetia]] in Gallia Narbonensis.<ref>.</ref>
* Lucius Sennius L. f. Secundus, the son of Lucius Sennius Primus and Messia Dubitata, for whom he and his brothers built a tomb at Ugernum.<ref name="CIL 12 2837"/>
* Lucius Sennius L. f. Servatus, the son of Lucius Sennius Primus and Messia Dubitata, for whom he and his brothers built a tomb at Ugernum.<ref name="CIL 12 2837"/>
* Marcus Sennius M. f. Verus, a native of [[Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium]] in [[Germania Inferior]], buried at Rome, aged twenty, with a tomb built by Messor.<ref>.</ref>
* Decimus Sennius Vitalis, one of the municipal duumvirs at [[Glevum]] in Britain, in an uncertain year.<ref>''RIB'', ii. 5, 2487, 6, 1–10.</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of Roman gentes]]
==References==
==Bibliography==
* ''Digesta'', or ''Pandectae'' ([[Digest (Roman law)|The Digest]]).
* [[Theodor Mommsen]] ''et alii'', ''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum]]'' (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated ''CIL''), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
* ''Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale in Roma'' (Bulletin of the Municipal Archaeological Commission of Rome, abbreviated ''BCAR''), (1872–present).
* ''Bulletin Archéologique du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' (Archaeological Bulletin of the Committee on Historic and Scientific Works, abbreviated ''BCTH''), Imprimerie Nationale, Paris (1885–1973).
* René Cagnat ''et alii'', ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated ''AE''), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
* [[Paul von Rohden]], [[Elimar Klebs]], & [[Hermann Dessau]], ''[[Prosopographia Imperii Romani]]'' (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated ''PIR''), Berlin (1898).
* La Carte Archéologique de la Gaule (Archaeological Map of Gaul, abbreviated ''CAG''), Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1931–present).
* ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites'', Richard Stilwell, William L. MacDonald, Marian Holland McAlister, eds., Princeton University Press (1976).
* ''The Roman Inscriptions of Britain'' (abbreviated ''RIB''), Oxford, (1990–present).
* Alan Rushworth, ''Housesteads Roman Fort – The Grandest Station: Excavation and Survey at Housesteads, 1954–95'', English Heritage Publishing (2014).
[[Category:Roman gentes]]
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