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Louis Dollo
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'''Louis Antoine Marie Joseph Dollo''' ([[Lille]], – [[Bruxelas]], ) foi um [[Paleontologia|paleontologista]] [[Belgas|belga]] nascido na [[França]], conhecido por seu trabalho sobre [[dinossauro]]s. Propôs que a evolução é irreversível, conhecida como [[lei de Dollo]]. Juntamento com o austríaco [[Othenio Abel]], estabeleceu o princípio da [[paleobiologia]].
==Vida==
Louis Dollo nasceu em [[Lille]], [[Nord-Pas-de-Calais]], descendente de uma antiga família [[Bretões|bretã]]. Estudou na [[École Centrale de Lille]], com o geólogo [[Jules Gosselet]] e o zoólogo [[Alfred Mathieu Giard]].<ref>Othenio Abel (1931), "Louis Dollo. 7 Dezember 1857–19 April 1931. Ein Rückblick und Abschied", in: ''Palaeobiologica'', 4. 321–344.</ref> Graduado em engenharia em 1877, trabalhando em seguida na indústria mineira durante cinco anos, desenvolvendo simultaneamente uma paixão por [[paleontologia]]. Em 1879 foi para [[Bruxelas]].
==''Iguanodons''==
[[Imagem:Louis De Pauw supervising the reconstruction of an iguanodon.jpg|miniatura|esquerda|Louis Dollo supervisionando a montagem de um esqueleto de [[iguanodon]], entre 1882 e 1885.]]
For three years, starting in 1878, he supervised the excavation of the famous, multiple ''[[Iguanodon]]'' find at [[Bernissart]], Belgium. He devoted himself to their study as a scientific passion, initially concurrently with his engineering career.<ref>Dollo, Louis. "Le Centenaire des Iguanodons (1822-1922).", in: ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character'' 212 (1924): 67-78, 2 pl.</ref> In 1882 he became an assistant naturalist at the [[Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences]]. Dollo was given membership in the [[Société des sciences de Lille]] and the [[Geological Society of London]].
From 1882 to 1885, while he was head of the vertebrate fossil section of the Royal Institute, Dollo worked on reconstructing the skeletons of the Iguanodons, as it was necessary to display them on their hind legs. The first one was assembled in the interior of an unused church that Dollo was using as a workshop. Twelve of those skeletons have been the principal attraction of the Museum of Natural Sciences at the Royal Institute. Dollo collaborated with his former professor [[Alfred Giard]] and the [[Université Lille Nord de France]].
==Dollo's Law==
Around 1890, he formulated a hypothesis on the irreversible nature of evolution, known later as "Dollo's Law".<ref>Dollo, Louis. ''Les Lois De L'évolution''. New York: Arno, 1893.</ref> According to his hypothesis, a structure or organ lost during the course of evolution would not reappear in that organism. This hypothesis was largely accepted until Michael F. Whiting's 2003 discovery that certain insects that had lost their wings regained them millions of years later.<ref>Michael F. Whiting, Sven Bradler & Taylor Maxwell, "Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects", in: ''Nature'' 421, 264-267 (16 January 2003)</ref> However, it was redeemed on the molecular level in 2009 as a result of a study on [[glucocorticoid receptor]]s.<ref>Pagel, Mark (2009). "Human language as a culturally transmitted replicator"in: ''Nature Reviews Genetics'' (Macmillan Publishers Limited.) 10 (6): 405–15. doi:10.1038/nrg2560 . .</ref>
==Paleobiology==
Dollo continued his work with fossils, in addition to studies of dinosaurs and their ecology. He was among the first to see fossil animals as part of an [[ecosystem]]. Because of that, he was instrumental in the development of [[paleobiology]], and he kept up an extensive correspondence with [[Othenio Abel]], another famous early paleobiologist.
He taught paleontology at the [[Free University of Brussels]], beginning in 1909, and in 1912 received the [[Murchison Medal]]. Recently, the stochastic Dollo model is being used to analyze matrix of cognates statistically. In linguistics, this model permits newly coined cognate to arise only once on a tree languages.
==Obras==
===Classificação animal===
*[[Hypsilophodontidae]], 1882,
*[[Boulengerina]], 1886,
*[[Cryptodira]] Eurysternidae, 1886,
*[[Iguanodontia]]-[[Iguanodon]] bernissartensis, 1888,
*[[Iguanodontia]]-[[Iguanodon]] mantelli, 1888,
*[[Prognathodon]], 1889,
*[[Bathydraconidae]] Gerlachea australis, 1900,
*[[Bathydraconidae]] Racovitzia glacialis, 1900,
*[[Bathydraconidae]] scotiae, 1906,
*[[Macrourinae]] Cynomacrurus, 1909,
*[[Elapidae]],
*[[Dyrosauridae]].
===Bibliografia===
*Louis Dollo (1882), "Première note sur les dinosauriens de Bernissart". ''Bulletin du [[Muséum des sciences naturelles de Belgique|Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique]]'' 1: 161-180.
*Louis Dollo (1883), "Note sur les restes de dinosauriens rencontrés dans le Crétacé Supérieur de la Belgique". ''Bulletin du [[Muséum des sciences naturelles de Belgique|Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique]]'' 2: 205-221.
*Louis Dollo (1891), "La vie au sein des mers : la faune marine et les grandes profondeurs, les grandes explorations sous marines, les conditions d'existence dans les abysses, la faune abyssale'', in: ''Bibliothèque scientifique contemporaine''.
*Louis Dollo (1892), "Sur le "Lepidosteus suessoniensis", in: ''Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique''.
*Louis Dollo (1892), "Sur la morphologie des côtes", in: ''Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique''.
*Louis Dollo (1892), "Sur la morphologie de la colonne vertébrale", in: ''Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique''.
*Louis Dollo (1899), "Première note sur les mosasauriens de Maestricht", ''Bulletine. Soc. belge Geol. Pal. Hydr''., Vol.4.
*Louis Dollo (1899), [[Alfred Giard]], "Les ancêtres des Marsupiaux étaient-ils arboricoles ?", [[Station marine de Wimereux|Station Zoologique de Wimereux]].
*Louis Dollo (1903), "Les Ancêtres des mosasauriens", in: ''Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique''.
*Louis Dollo (1904), ''Expédition antarctique belge (1897-1899) ; résultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899 sous le commandement de A. de Gerlache de Gomery; rapports scientifiques : Zoologie : Poissons''. Antwerp: J.-E. Buschmann.
*Louis Dollo (1905), "Les Dinosauriens adaptés à la vie quadrupède secondaire." ''Bulletine. Soc. belge Geol. Pal. Hydr''., 19: 441-448.
*Louis Dollo (1910), ''La Paléontologie éthologique''.
;Traduções por Louis Dollo
*[[John Tyndall]], ''Les Microbes'' (1882)
*[[Rudolf Hörnes]], ''Manuel de paléontologie'' (1886)
*[[Wilhelm Krause]], ''Manuel d'anatomie humaine'' (1887–89)
;Obras republicadas por Louis Dollo
*Stephen Jay Gould (1970), "Dollo on Dollo's Law: Irreversibility and the Status of Evolutionary Laws", ''Journal of the History of Biology'' / 3, No.2:189-212.
*Stephen Jay Gould, ed. (1980), ''Louis Dollo's papers on paleontology and evolution'', Original Anthology, New York, Arno Press, 1980
*David B. Weishampel and Nadine M. White, eds. (2003) ''The Dinosaur Papers'', Washington: Smithsonian Institution Books.
*Edward Drinker Cope (1886), "Schlosser on Creodonta and Phenacodus ; Dollo on extinct tortoises", ''Amer. Naturalist''. 20. 965-968.
===Biografias de Dollo===
*Othenio Abel, "Louis Dollo. 7 Dezember 1857–19 April 1931. Ein Rückblick und Abschied", in: ''Palaeobiologica'', 4. 321–344 (1931).
*Victor Émile van Straelen, ''Louis Dollo : Notice biographique avec liste bibliographique''. Bruxelles (1933).
*N.N. Yakovlev, "Memoirs about Louis Dollo," Ezhegodn. Vsesoyuzn. Paleontol. O-va 10, 4–9 (1935).
*P. Brien, "Notice sur Louis Dollo," Ann. Acad. R. Belg. Not. Biograph. 1, 69–138 (1951).
*L. Sh. Davitashvili, "Louis Dollo," in Questions of the History of Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 3. pp. 103–108 (Moscou, 1957) [em russo].
*N.N. Yakovlev, Memoirs of a Geologist Paleontologist (Nauka, Moscou, 1965) [em russo].
*L.K. Gabunia, "Dollo Louis Antone Marie Joseph," in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (Nova Iorque), Vol. 4, pp. 147–148 (1971)
*L.K. Gabunia, Louis Dollo (1857–1931) (Nauka, Moscou, 1974) [em russo].
*Yu. Ya. Soloviev, Louis Dollo, Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2008, No. 6, pp. 103–107 [em russo].
*Yu. Ya. Soloviev, 150th Anniversary of the birth of Louis Dollo (1857–1931), Paleontological Journal Volume 42, Número 6, pp 681-684, Outubro de 2008.
[[Categoria:Naturais de Lille]]
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